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Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2)
Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 394 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2)
Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I say nothing of public affairs.
Never did they wear a more melancholy aspect.
We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.
The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.
An odd discovery is just now made.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 394 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I say nothing of public affairs.
/aɪ seɪ ˈnʌθɪŋ ʌv ˈpʌblɪk əˈferz/
Line 2
Never did they wear a more melancholy aspect.
/ˈnevər dɪd ðeɪ wer ə mɔːr ˈmelənkɑːli ˈæspekt/
Line 3
We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.
Line 4
The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.
Line 5
An odd discovery is just now made.
/æn ɑːd dɪˈskʌvəri ɪz dʒʌst naʊ meɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abilities noun US /əˈbɪlətiːz/

plural of “ability” — the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading “The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.”

acquainted adjective US /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading “The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.”

aspect noun US /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading “Never did they wear a more melancholy aspect.”

displayed verb US /dɪˈspleɪd/

past form of “display” — to show, make visible or apparent

From this reading “The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.”

melancholy noun US /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading “Never did they wear a more melancholy aspect.”

Ministerial adjective US /ˌmɪnɪˈstiːriəl/

of or relating to a minister of religion or the minister's office

From this reading “The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.”

Quebec noun US /kwəˈbek/

the French-speaking capital of the province of Quebec; situated on the Saint Lawrence River

From this reading “We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.”

sanguine adjective US /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

confidently optimistic and cheerful

From this reading “The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

public affairs noun + noun

In this reading “I say nothing of public affairs.”

next year adjective + noun

In this reading “The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.”

hold out verb + adjective

thrust or extend out

In this reading “We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

318

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Never did they wear a more melancholy aspect.

abilitiesnounUS /əˈbɪlətiːz/

plural of “ability” — the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading I say nothing of public affairs.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An odd discovery is just now made.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading Never did they wear a more melancholy aspect.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Never did they wear a more melancholy aspect.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading An odd discovery is just now made.

displayedverbUS /dɪˈspleɪd/

past form of “display” — to show, make visible or apparent

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I say nothing of public affairs.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading An odd discovery is just now made.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading An odd discovery is just now made.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading An odd discovery is just now made.

melancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading Never did they wear a more melancholy aspect.

MinisterialadjectiveUS /ˌmɪnɪˈstiːriəl/

of or relating to a minister of religion or the minister's office

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Never did they wear a more melancholy aspect.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

NeveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Never did they wear a more melancholy aspect.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading I say nothing of public affairs.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading An odd discovery is just now made.

oddadjectiveUS /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading An odd discovery is just now made.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I say nothing of public affairs.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.

Provincials

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading I say nothing of public affairs.

QuebecnounUS /kwəˈbek/

the French-speaking capital of the province of Quebec; situated on the Saint Lawrence River

From this reading We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.

sanguineadjectiveUS /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

confidently optimistic and cheerful

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading I say nothing of public affairs.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Never did they wear a more melancholy aspect.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.

wearverbUS /wer/

be dressed in

From this reading Never did they wear a more melancholy aspect.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.

WinternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading We much fear that Quebec[318] will not hold out the Winter.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The Provincials have everywhere displayed courage and abilities worthy of a better cause; and those of my Ministerial friends who are the best acquainted with the state of America, are the least sanguine in their hopes of success for next year.

Chapter 15 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) by Edward Gibbon holds 394 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) contain?

Chapter 15 holds 394 sentences of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) by Edward Gibbon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 394 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2)?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2)

Common questions about reading Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) by Edward Gibbon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2)?

Yes. All 7879 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42578 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42578, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1576 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) section by section

How to work through Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sheffield
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rowland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.