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Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2)
Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2)

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2)
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.
In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.
As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.
The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.
If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2)

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.
/hæd maɪ puːr frend daɪd wɪˈθaʊt ə wɪl ə ˈfiːmeɪl fɜːrst ˈkʌzən ˈsetəld ˈsʌmwer ɪn ðə nɔːrθ ʌv ˈdʒɜːrməni ənd huːm aɪ bɪˈliːv hiː hæd ˈnevər siːn wʊd hæv bɪn hɪz er æt lɔː/
Line 2
In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.
Line 3
As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.
Line 4
The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.
Line 5
If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acquire verb US /əˈkwaɪər/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading “If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.”

annual adjective US /ˈænjuːəl/

completing its life cycle within a year

From this reading “The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.”

clearest adjective US /ˈklɪrɪst/

superlative of “clear” — readily apparent to the mind

From this reading “As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.”

cousins noun US /ˈkʌzənz/

plural of “cousin” — the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading “In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.”

option noun US /ˈɑːpʃən/

the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited

From this reading “The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.”

provision noun US /prəˈvɪʒən/

a stipulated condition

From this reading “As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.”

purchasing noun US /ˈpɜːrtʃəsɪŋ/

the act of buying

From this reading “The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.”

tenure noun US /ˈtenjər/

the term during which some position is held

From this reading “If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

large family adjective + noun

In this reading “As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.”

small estate adjective + noun

In this reading “As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.”

some provision adjective + noun

In this reading “As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.”

twelve years' noun + noun counted as “twelve year”

In this reading “If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.”

died without verb + particle counted as “die without”

In this reading “Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.”

at twelve preposition + noun

In this reading “If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.”

make some verb + adjective

In this reading “As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.”

All words in this reading · 131

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1900

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

250

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

2500

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

30

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

600

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

absoluteadjectiveUS /ˈæbsəluːt/

perfect or complete or pure

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

acquireverbUS /əˈkwaɪər/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

annualadjectiveUS /ˈænjuːəl/

completing its life cycle within a year

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

clearestadjectiveUS /ˈklɪrɪst/

superlative of “clear” — readily apparent to the mind

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

cousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

cousinsnounUS /ˈkʌzənz/

plural of “cousin” — the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

descentnounUS /dɪˈsent/

An action of moving downward, dropping, or falling into a deeper place.

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

Deyverdun's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

enjoyingverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

enjoymentnounUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪmənt/

the pleasure felt when having a good time

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

femaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

Hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

heirnounUS /er/

A person legally or magically entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death.

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

includingverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

legaladjectiveUS /ˈliːɡəl/

established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

Lods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

Montagny

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

optionnounUS /ˈɑːpʃən/

the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

payingadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪɪŋ/

yielding a fair profit

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

perpetualadjectiveUS /pərˈpetʃuːəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

provisionnounUS /prəˈvɪʒən/

a stipulated condition

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

purchasenounUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəs/

the acquisition of something for payment

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

purchasingnounUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəsɪŋ/

the act of buying

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

ratenounUS /reɪt/

a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

reckonverbUS /ˈrekən/

expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

remainingadjectiveUS /rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/

not used up

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

rentverbUS /rent/

let for money

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

somewhereadverbUS /ˈsʌmwer/

in or at or to some place

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

sumnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

tenurenounUS /ˈtenjər/

the term during which some position is held

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading In the next degree he had several cousins; and one of these, an old companion, by name Mr. de Montagny, he has chosen for his heir.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

twelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading As this house and garden was the best and clearest part of poor Deyverdun's fortune; as there is an heavy duty or fine (what they call _Lods_) on every change of property out of the legal descent; as Montagny has a small estate and a large family, it was necessary to make some provision in his favour.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The will therefore leaves me the option of enjoying this place during my life, on paying the sum of £250 (I reckon in English money) at present, and an annual rent of £30; or else of purchasing the house and garden for a sum which, including the duty, will amount to £2500.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

Willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Had my poor friend died without a Will, a female _first_ cousin settled somewhere in the north of Germany, and whom I believe he had never seen, would have been his heir at law.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading If I value the rent of £30 at twelve years' purchase, I may acquire my enjoyment for life at about the rate of £600; and the remaining £1900 will be the difference between that tenure and absolute perpetual property.

Chapter 9 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) by Edward Gibbon holds 398 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) contain?

Chapter 9 holds 398 sentences of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) by Edward Gibbon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 398 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2)?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2)

Common questions about reading Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) by Edward Gibbon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 8834 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42632 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42632, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1767 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) section by section

How to work through Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edward
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gibbon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sheffield
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Barrister-at-law
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.