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Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2)
Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) is here in full — 393 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2)
Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[Sidenote: MADAME DE STAEL.]
Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.
The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.
I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.
1. iii.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) is here in full — 393 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Sidenote: MADAME DE STAEL.]
Line 2
Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.
/ˈnekər hæz ˈɔːrdərd juː ə ˈkɑːpi ʌv hɪz ˈrɔɪəl dɪˈfens wɪtʃ hæz met wɪð ənd dɪˈzɜːrvd ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəl səkˈses/
Line 3
The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.
/ðə pəˈθetɪk ənd ˌɑːrɡjəˈmentətɪv pɑːrts ɑːr ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən ˈiːkwəli ɡʊd ənd hɪz maɪld ˈel.ə.kwəns meɪ pərˈsweɪd wɪˈθaʊt ˈɪrəteɪtɪŋ/
Line 4
I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.
Line 5
1. iii.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

argumentative adjective US /ˌɑːrɡjəˈmentətɪv/

given to or characterized by argument

From this reading “The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.”

deserved adjective US /dɪˈzɜːrvd/

properly deserved

From this reading “Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.”

eloquence noun US /ˈel.ə.kwəns/

Fluent, persuasive, and graceful speaking or writing. (Sự hùng biện, tài ăn nói lưu loát.)

From this reading “The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.”

gentler adjective US /ˈdʒentlər/

comparative of “gentle” — soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading “I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.”

irritating adjective US /ˈɪrəteɪtɪŋ/

causing irritation or annoyance

From this reading “The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.”

Necker noun US /ˈnekər/

a lover who necks

From this reading “Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.”

pathetic adjective US /pəˈθetɪk/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading “The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.”

persuade verb US /pərˈsweɪd/

win approval or support for

From this reading “The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

gentler tone adjective + noun counted as “gentle tone”

In this reading “I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.”

copy of verb + particle

In this reading “Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.”

met with verb + particle counted as “meet with”

In this reading “Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1. iii.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

appliedadjectiveUS /əˈplaɪd/

concerned with concrete problems or data rather than with fundamental principles

From this reading I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

argumentativeadjectiveUS /ˌɑːrɡjəˈmentətɪv/

given to or characterized by argument

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

copynounUS /ˈkɑːpi/

a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

DEnounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading [Sidenote: MADAME DE STAEL.]

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

deservedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzɜːrvd/

properly deserved

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

eloquencenounUS /ˈel.ə.kwəns/

Fluent, persuasive, and graceful speaking or writing. (Sự hùng biện, tài ăn nói lưu loát.)

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

gentleradjectiveUS /ˈdʒentlər/

comparative of “gentle” — soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.

iiinoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading 1. iii.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

irritatingadjectiveUS /ˈɪrəteɪtɪŋ/

causing irritation or annoyance

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

MADAMEnounUS /ˈmædəm/

title used for a married Frenchwoman

From this reading [Sidenote: MADAME DE STAEL.]

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

Metamorph

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.

mildadjectiveUS /maɪld/

moderate in type or degree or effect or force; far from extreme

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

NeckernounUS /ˈnekər/

a lover who necks

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

orderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

Ovidnoun

Roman poet remembered for his elegiac verses on love (43 BC - AD 17)

From this reading I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

patheticadjectiveUS /pəˈθetɪk/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

persuadeverbUS /pərˈsweɪd/

win approval or support for

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

Sidenote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: MADAME DE STAEL.]

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.

STAELnoun

French romantic writer (1766-1817)

From this reading [Sidenote: MADAME DE STAEL.]

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.

universaladjectiveUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəl/

of worldwide scope or applicability

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

versesnounUS /ˈvɜːrsəz/

plural of “verse” — literature in metrical form

From this reading I have applied to this gentler tone some verses of Ovid (Metamorph.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The pathetic and argumentative parts are, in my opinion, equally good, and his mild eloquence may persuade without irritating.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Necker has ordered you a copy of his royal defence, which has met with, and deserved, universal success.

Chapter 16 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) by Edward Gibbon holds 393 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) contain?

Chapter 16 holds 393 sentences of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2) by Edward Gibbon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 393 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2)?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 8834 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42632 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #42632, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1767 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edward
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gibbon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sheffield
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Barrister-at-law
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Private Letters of Edward Gibbon (1753-1794) Volume 2 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.