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Probation
Probation

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Probation is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
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‘TO THE DREGS.’
The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.
Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.
One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.
One missed the tramp, tramp, of the thousands of clogs over the flags at the appointed times.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Probation

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Probation is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
‘TO THE DREGS.’
/tuː ðə dreɡz/
Line 2
The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.
Line 3
Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.
Line 4
One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.
Line 5
One missed the tramp, tramp, of the thousands of clogs over the flags at the appointed times.
/wʌn mɪst ðə træmp træmp ʌv ðə ˈθaʊzəndz ʌv klɑːɡz ˈoʊvər ðə flæɡz æt ðə əˈpɔɪntɪd taɪmz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clogs noun US /klɑːɡz/

plural of “clog” — footwear usually with wooden soles

From this reading “One missed the tramp, tramp, of the thousands of clogs over the flags at the appointed times.”

colder adjective US /ˈkoʊldər/

comparative of “cold” — having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading “The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.”

dominions noun US /dəˈmɪnjənz/

plural of “dominion” — dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading “The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.”

dregs noun US /dreɡz/

sediment that has settled at the bottom of a liquid

From this reading “‘TO THE DREGS.’”

gaudy adjective US /ˈɡɔːdi/

tastelessly showy

From this reading “Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.”

Lancaster noun US /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading “The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.”

loosed verb US /luːst/

past form of “loose” — grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading “One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.”

Palatine noun US /ˈpælətaɪn/

any of various important officials in ancient Rome

From this reading “The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

external nature adjective + noun

In this reading “Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.”

best advantage noun + noun

In this reading “Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.”

in the streets preposition + article + noun counted as “in … street”

In this reading “One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1862

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

absencenounUS /ˈæbsəns/

the state of being absent

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

advantagenounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

appointedadjectiveUS /əˈpɔɪntɪd/

subject to appointment

From this reading One missed the tramp, tramp, of the thousands of clogs over the flags at the appointed times.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading One missed the tramp, tramp, of the thousands of clogs over the flags at the appointed times.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

burstverbUS /bɜːrst/

come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.

chaffing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.

chancesnounUS /ˈtʃænsəz/

plural of “chance” — a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

clogsnounUS /klɑːɡz/

plural of “clog” — footwear usually with wooden soles

From this reading One missed the tramp, tramp, of the thousands of clogs over the flags at the appointed times.

colderadjectiveUS /ˈkoʊldər/

comparative of “cold” — having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

CountynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

DespiteprepositionUS /dɪˈspaɪt/

although something is true; in spite of

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

dominionsnounUS /dəˈmɪnjənz/

plural of “dominion” — dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

DREGSnounUS /dreɡz/

sediment that has settled at the bottom of a liquid

From this reading ‘TO THE DREGS.’

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

flagsnounUS /flæɡz/

plural of “flag” — emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design

From this reading One missed the tramp, tramp, of the thousands of clogs over the flags at the appointed times.

gaudyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɔːdi/

tastelessly showy

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

LancasternounUS /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

laughternounUS /ˈlæftər/

the sound of laughing

From this reading One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

loosedverbUS /luːst/

past form of “loose” — grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.

Majesty'snounUS /ˈmædʒəstiz/

possessive form of “majesty” — impressiveness in scale or proportion

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

millsnounUS /mɪlz/

United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855)

From this reading One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.

missedadjectiveUS /mɪst/

not caught with the senses or the mind

From this reading One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading One missed the tramp, tramp, of the thousands of clogs over the flags at the appointed times.

PalatinenounUS /ˈpælətaɪn/

any of various important officials in ancient Rome

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

penitentialadjective

showing or constituting penance

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

shoutingnounUS /ˈʃaʊtɪŋ/

encouragement in the form of cheers from spectators

From this reading One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

smilingnounUS /ˈsmaɪlɪŋ/

a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.

sunshinenounUS /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

the rays of the sun

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ‘TO THE DREGS.’

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading One missed the tramp, tramp, of the thousands of clogs over the flags at the appointed times.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading One missed the tramp, tramp, of the thousands of clogs over the flags at the appointed times.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ‘TO THE DREGS.’

trampnounUS /træmp/

a vagrant

From this reading One missed the tramp, tramp, of the thousands of clogs over the flags at the appointed times.

unusualadjectiveUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəl/

not usual or common or ordinary

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Despite the gaudy sunshine, despite the unusual chances offered to external nature, of showing herself to the best advantage through the absence of smoke--despite this, all was sad, penitential, silent.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading One missed the burst of talk and laughter, the chaffing and shouting in the streets when the mills were loosed.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The merry month of May, in the year of grace 1862, and in that part of her Majesty’s dominions known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, wore a face even less smiling and colder than usual.

Chapter 21 of Probation by Jessie Fothergill holds 170 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Probation contain?

Chapter 21 holds 170 sentences of Probation, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Probation by Jessie Fothergill exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 170 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Probation?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Probation

Common questions about reading Probation by Jessie Fothergill on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Probation?

Yes. All 8288 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76077 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Probation is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76077, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Probation take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1658 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Probation section by section

How to work through Probation section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of Probation to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Probation

Words and structures a reader meets early in Probation, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Pride
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Probation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plenty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Probation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Absentee
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Probation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Employer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Probation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.