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Profiles
Profiles

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Profiles is here in full — 102 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.
At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.
And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.
If the thing had been named "congregational drawling" instead of "singing," perhaps it would have been as correct.
Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Profiles

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Profiles is here in full — 102 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.
Line 2
At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.
Line 3
And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.
/ənd ˈsɜːrtənli ðə moʊst ˈdʒentəl ˈspɪrət maɪt hæv faʊnd sʌm əˈkeɪʒən fɔːr ˈɡrʌmbəlɪŋ/
Line 4
If the thing had been named "congregational drawling" instead of "singing," perhaps it would have been as correct.
Line 5
Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aggressive adjective US /əˈɡresɪv/

having or showing determination and energetic pursuit of your ends

From this reading “At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.”

choir noun US /ˈkwaɪər/

a chorus that sings as part of a religious ceremony

From this reading “THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.”

congregational adjective US /ˌkɑːŋɡrəˈɡeɪʃənəl/

relating to or conducted or participated in by a congregation

From this reading “THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.”

conservative adjective US /kənˈsɜːrvətɪv/

resistant to change, particularly in relation to politics or religion

From this reading “At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.”

cracked adjective US /krækt/

used of skin roughened as a result of cold or exposure

From this reading “Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.”

grumbled verb US /ˈɡrʌmbəld/

past form of “grumble” — show one's unhappiness or critical attitude

From this reading “At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.”

grumbling noun US /ˈɡrʌmbəlɪŋ/

a loud low dull continuous noise

From this reading “And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.”

immemorial adjective US /ˌɪməˈmɔːriəl/

long past; beyond the limits of memory or tradition or recorded history

From this reading “Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

old man adjective + noun

a man who is very old

In this reading “Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.”

young people adjective + noun

In this reading “At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.”

gentle spirit adjective + noun

In this reading “And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

aggressiveadjectiveUS /əˈɡresɪv/

having or showing determination and energetic pursuit of your ends

From this reading At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading If the thing had been named "congregational drawling" instead of "singing," perhaps it would have been as correct.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading If the thing had been named "congregational drawling" instead of "singing," perhaps it would have been as correct.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.

choirnounUS /ˈkwaɪər/

a chorus that sings as part of a religious ceremony

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

congregationaladjectiveUS /ˌkɑːŋɡrəˈɡeɪʃənəl/

relating to or conducted or participated in by a congregation

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

conservativeadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrvətɪv/

resistant to change, particularly in relation to politics or religion

From this reading At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.

correctverbUS /kərˈekt/

make right or correct

From this reading If the thing had been named "congregational drawling" instead of "singing," perhaps it would have been as correct.

crackedadjectiveUS /krækt/

used of skin roughened as a result of cold or exposure

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

deafenedadjective

caused to hear poorly or not at all

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

drawling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If the thing had been named "congregational drawling" instead of "singing," perhaps it would have been as correct.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

fathersnounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

gentleadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentəl/

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.

gloried

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

grumbledverbUS /ˈɡrʌmbəld/

past form of “grumble” — show one's unhappiness or critical attitude

From this reading At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.

grumblingnounUS /ˈɡrʌmbəlɪŋ/

a loud low dull continuous noise

From this reading And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If the thing had been named "congregational drawling" instead of "singing," perhaps it would have been as correct.

immemorialadjectiveUS /ˌɪməˈmɔːriəl/

long past; beyond the limits of memory or tradition or recorded history

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading If the thing had been named "congregational drawling" instead of "singing," perhaps it would have been as correct.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading If the thing had been named "congregational drawling" instead of "singing," perhaps it would have been as correct.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If the thing had been named "congregational drawling" instead of "singing," perhaps it would have been as correct.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading If the thing had been named "congregational drawling" instead of "singing," perhaps it would have been as correct.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

singingnounUS /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/

the act of singing vocal music

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading And certainly the most gentle spirit might have found some occasion for grumbling.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

THEREadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading If the thing had been named "congregational drawling" instead of "singing," perhaps it would have been as correct.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

unableadjectiveUS /əˈneɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) not having the necessary means or skill or know-how

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading THERE was a time when our church had no choir, but gloried in the fact that we had congregational singing.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Our church was large, and the leader, a dear old man who had led the singing from time immemorial, until his ears had deafened and his voice cracked in the service, was unable to keep the scattered elements of his army in order.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If the thing had been named "congregational drawling" instead of "singing," perhaps it would have been as correct.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading At least the conservative fathers gloried in it; but the aggressive young people grumbled much.

Chapter 12 of Profiles by Pansy holds 102 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Profiles contain?

Chapter 12 holds 102 sentences of Profiles, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Profiles by Pansy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 102 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Profiles?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Which edition of Profiles is used?

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Profiles section by section

How to work through Profiles section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Profiles

Words and structures a reader meets early in Profiles, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Profiles, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Profiles, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.