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Public and Private Life of Animals
Public and Private Life of Animals

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Public and Private Life of Animals is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Public and Private Life of Animals
Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.
Strange! our stomachs grow smaller and we crowd together for warmth.
We pull together {53} wonderfully.
Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.
This ought to make men blush.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Public and Private Life of Animals

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Public and Private Life of Animals is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.
Line 2
Strange! our stomachs grow smaller and we crowd together for warmth.
/streɪndʒ ˈaʊər ˈstʌməks ɡroʊ ˈsmɔːlər ənd wiː kraʊd təˈɡeðər fɔːr wɔːrmθ/
Line 3
We pull together {53} wonderfully.
Line 4
Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.
/sɪns ðə riˈpʌblək wɑːz fɔːrmd ðə wʊlvz hæv əbˈsteɪnd frʌm dɪˈvaʊərɪŋ ɔːr dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ iːtʃ ˈʌðər/
Line 5
This ought to make men blush.
/ðɪs ɔːt tuː meɪk men blʌʃ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abstained verb US /əbˈsteɪnd/

past form of “abstain” — refrain from voting

From this reading “Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.”

destroying verb US /dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “destroy” — do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of

From this reading “Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.”

devouring adjective US /dɪˈvaʊərɪŋ/

(often followed by “for”) ardently or excessively desirous

From this reading “Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.”

direst adjective US /ˈdaɪrəst/

superlative of “dire” — fraught with extreme danger; nearly hopeless

From this reading “But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.”

Republic noun US /riˈpʌblək/

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

From this reading “Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.”

stomachs noun US /ˈstʌməks/

plural of “stomach” — an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion

From this reading “Strange! our stomachs grow smaller and we crowd together for warmth.”

straits noun US /streɪts/

a bad or difficult situation or state of affairs

From this reading “But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.”

wolves noun US /wʊlvz/

plural of “wolf” — any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading “Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

abstained from verb + particle counted as “abstain from”

In this reading “Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.”

grow smaller verb + adjective

In this reading “Strange! our stomachs grow smaller and we crowd together for warmth.”

ten feet noun + noun counted as “ten foot”

In this reading “But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.”

on the ground preposition + article + noun counted as “on … ground”

In this reading “But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

52

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

53

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We pull together {53} wonderfully.

abstainedverbUS /əbˈsteɪnd/

past form of “abstain” — refrain from voting

From this reading Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

blushverbUS /blʌʃ/

turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame

From this reading This ought to make men blush.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading Strange! our stomachs grow smaller and we crowd together for warmth.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

destroyingverbUS /dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “destroy” — do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of

From this reading Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.

devouringadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaʊərɪŋ/

(often followed by “for”) ardently or excessively desirous

From this reading Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.

direstadjectiveUS /ˈdaɪrəst/

superlative of “dire” — fraught with extreme danger; nearly hopeless

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Strange! our stomachs grow smaller and we crowd together for warmth.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

happensverbUS /ˈhæpənz/

third-person singular of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading This ought to make men blush.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading This ought to make men blush.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading This ought to make men blush.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Strange! our stomachs grow smaller and we crowd together for warmth.

pullverbUS /pʊl/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading We pull together {53} wonderfully.

RepublicnounUS /riˈpʌblək/

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

From this reading Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading Strange! our stomachs grow smaller and we crowd together for warmth.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

stomachsnounUS /ˈstʌməks/

plural of “stomach” — an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion

From this reading Strange! our stomachs grow smaller and we crowd together for warmth.

straitsnounUS /streɪts/

a bad or difficult situation or state of affairs

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

StrangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Strange! our stomachs grow smaller and we crowd together for warmth.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This ought to make men blush.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Strange! our stomachs grow smaller and we crowd together for warmth.

warmthnounUS /wɔːrmθ/

the sensation caused by heat energy

From this reading Strange! our stomachs grow smaller and we crowd together for warmth.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

wolvesnounUS /wʊlvz/

plural of “wolf” — any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading Since the Republic was formed, the wolves have abstained from devouring or destroying each other.

wonderfullyadverbUS /ˈwʌndərfəli/

(used as an intensifier) extremely well

From this reading We pull together {53} wonderfully.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading But do you know we are driven to the direst straits, when, as frequently happens, the snow {52} lies ten feet deep on the ground; when the houses are covered, and no food is to be had for months.

Chapter 3 of Public and Private Life of Animals by P.-J. [Editor] Stahl holds 425 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Public and Private Life of Animals contain?

Chapter 3 holds 425 sentences of Public and Private Life of Animals, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Public and Private Life of Animals by P.-J. [Editor] Stahl exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 425 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Public and Private Life of Animals?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Public and Private Life of Animals

Common questions about reading Public and Private Life of Animals by P.-J. [Editor] Stahl on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Public and Private Life of Animals?

Yes. All 5950 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58214 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Public and Private Life of Animals is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58214, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Public and Private Life of Animals take to read?

About 495 minutes of reading across 1190 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Public and Private Life of Animals

Words and structures a reader meets early in Public and Private Life of Animals, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Public
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Public and Private Life of Animals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Private
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Public and Private Life of Animals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Animals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Public and Private Life of Animals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thomson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Public and Private Life of Animals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.