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Punch Cartoons of the Great War
Punch Cartoons of the Great War

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Punch Cartoons of the Great War is here in full — 57 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.
Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.
"Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."
OVID, _"Metamorphoses," Book VIII., Fable III._ October 6, 1888.
"With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Punch Cartoons of the Great War

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Punch Cartoons of the Great War is here in full — 57 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.
/maɪ sʌn əbˈzɜːrv ðə ˈmɪdəl pæθ tuː flaɪ ənd fɪr tuː sɪŋk tuː loʊ ɔːr raɪz tuː haɪ/
Line 2
Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.
Line 3
"Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."
Line 4
OVID, _"Metamorphoses," Book VIII., Fable III._ October 6, 1888.
Line 5
"With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Affects noun US /əˈfekts/

plural of “affect” — the conscious subjective aspect of feeling or emotion

From this reading “"With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"”

Assumes verb US /əˈsuːmz/

third-person singular of “assume” — take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading “"With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"”

extremes noun US /ekˈstriːmz/

plural of “extreme” — the furthest or highest degree of something

From this reading “Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.”

Fable noun US /ˈfeɪbəl/

a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading “OVID, _"Metamorphoses," Book VIII., Fable III._ October 6, 1888.”

melts noun US /melts/

plural of “melt” — the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading “Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.”

orion's noun US /oʊˈraɪənz/

possessive form of “orion” — (Greek mythology) a giant Boeotian hunter who pursued the Pleiades and was eventually slain by Artemis; was then placed in the sky as a constellation

From this reading “"Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."”

spheres noun US /sfɪrz/

plural of “sphere” — a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading “"With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"”

watchful adjective US /ˈwɑːtʃfəl/

engaged in or accustomed to close observation

From this reading “"Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Between the two preposition + article + noun counted as “between … two”

In this reading “Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.”

too high adverb + adjective

In this reading “"My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.”

too low adverb + adjective

In this reading “"My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1888

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OVID, _"Metamorphoses," Book VIII., Fable III._ October 6, 1888.

6

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OVID, _"Metamorphoses," Book VIII., Fable III._ October 6, 1888.

AffectsnounUS /əˈfekts/

plural of “affect” — the conscious subjective aspect of feeling or emotion

From this reading "With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

AssumesverbUS /əˈsuːmz/

third-person singular of “assume” — take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading "With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

BetweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.

BooknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading OVID, _"Metamorphoses," Book VIII., Fable III._ October 6, 1888.

boötes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

cautiousadjectiveUS /ˈkɔːʃəs/

showing careful forethought

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.

dampadjectiveUS /dæmp/

slightly wet

From this reading Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.

dangerousadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/

involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading "With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"

extremesnounUS /ekˈstriːmz/

plural of “extreme” — the furthest or highest degree of something

From this reading Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.

FablenounUS /ˈfeɪbəl/

a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading OVID, _"Metamorphoses," Book VIII., Fable III._ October 6, 1888.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

FlightnounUS /flaɪt/

a formation of aircraft in flight

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.

gazenounUS /ɡeɪz/

a long fixed look

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading "With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"

guidenounUS /ɡaɪd/

someone employed to conduct others

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

hearsverbUS /hiːrz/

third-person singular of “hear” — perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading "With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading OVID, _"Metamorphoses," Book VIII., Fable III._ October 6, 1888.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

meltsnounUS /melts/

plural of “melt” — the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.

Metamorphoses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OVID, _"Metamorphoses," Book VIII., Fable III._ October 6, 1888.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

MonarchnounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrk/

a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading "With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

nodverbUS /nɑːd/

express or signify by nodding

From this reading "With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

observeverbUS /əbˈzɜːrv/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading OVID, _"Metamorphoses," Book VIII., Fable III._ October 6, 1888.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

orion'snounUS /oʊˈraɪənz/

possessive form of “orion” — (Greek mythology) a giant Boeotian hunter who pursued the Pleiades and was eventually slain by Artemis; was then placed in the sky as a constellation

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

OVIDnoun

Roman poet remembered for his elegiac verses on love (43 BC - AD 17)

From this reading OVID, _"Metamorphoses," Book VIII., Fable III._ October 6, 1888.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

ravished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"

raysnounUS /reɪz/

plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading "With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"

shakeverbUS /ʃeɪk/

move or cause to move back and forth

From this reading "With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

sinkverbUS /sɪŋk/

fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

spheresnounUS /sfɪrz/

plural of “sphere” — a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading "With ravished ears, The Monarch hears, Assumes the God, Affects to nod, And seems to shake the spheres!"

steerverbUS /stɪr/

direct the course; determine the direction of travelling

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.

sword-arm'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.

thydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading "My son, observe the middle path to fly, And fear to sink too low, or rise too high.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.

vapoursnoun

a state of depression

From this reading Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.

VIIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one

From this reading OVID, _"Metamorphoses," Book VIII., Fable III._ October 6, 1888.

watchfuladjectiveUS /ˈwɑːtʃfəl/

engaged in or accustomed to close observation

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "Nor on the bear, nor on boötes gaze, Nor on sword-arm'd orion's dangerous rays: But follow me, thy guide, with watchful sight, And, as I steer, direct thy cautious Flight."

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Here the sun melts, there vapours damp your force, Between the two extremes direct your course.

Chapter 1 of Punch Cartoons of the Great War by Various holds 57 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Punch Cartoons of the Great War contain?

Chapter 1 holds 57 sentences of Punch Cartoons of the Great War, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Punch Cartoons of the Great War by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 57 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Punch Cartoons of the Great War?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of Punch Cartoons of the Great War?

Yes. All 57 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46322 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Punch Cartoons of the Great War is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46322, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Punch Cartoons of the Great War take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 12 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Punch Cartoons of the Great War

Words and structures a reader meets early in Punch Cartoons of the Great War, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Observe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch Cartoons of the Great War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Middle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch Cartoons of the Great War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Melts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch Cartoons of the Great War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vapours
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch Cartoons of the Great War; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.