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Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891
Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891 is here in full — 19 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891
Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.
Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.
Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.
Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!
But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891 is here in full — 19 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.
Line 2
Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.
Line 3
Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.
Line 4
Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!
Line 5
But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

avocation noun US /ˌævəˈkeɪʃən/

an auxiliary activity

From this reading “Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.”

cleaned verb US /kliːnd/

past form of “clean” — make clean by removing dirt, filth, or unwanted substances from

From this reading “BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.”

diligent adjective US /ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/

quietly and steadily persevering especially in detail or exactness

From this reading “Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.”

exemplified verb US /ɪɡˈzempləfaɪd/

inflected form of “exemplify” — be characteristic of

From this reading “Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.”

nuts adjective US /nʌts/

informal or slang terms for mentally irregular

From this reading “Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!”

pitching noun US /ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/

(baseball) playing the position of pitcher on a baseball team

From this reading “Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.”

vicissitudes noun US /vɪˈsɪsɪtuːdz/

plural of “vicissitude” — a variation in circumstances or fortune at different times in your life or in the development of something

From this reading “But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.”

youths noun US /juːðz/

plural of “youth” — a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading “Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!

avocationnounUS /ˌævəˈkeɪʃən/

an auxiliary activity

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

ay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

BENnounUS /ben/

a mountain or tall hill

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

bootsnounUS /buːts/

plural of “boot” — footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

breadnounUS /bred/

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

BRUSTLES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

cleanedverbUS /kliːnd/

past form of “clean” — make clean by removing dirt, filth, or unwanted substances from

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

convictionnounUS /kənˈvɪkʃən/

an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

diligentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/

quietly and steadily persevering especially in detail or exactness

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

doctrinenounUS /ˈdɑːktrən/

a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

easeverbUS /iːz/

move gently or carefully

From this reading Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

eventuallyadverbUS /ɪˈventʃəwəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

exemplifiedverbUS /ɪɡˈzempləfaɪd/

inflected form of “exemplify” — be characteristic of

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

fortunateadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/

having unexpected good fortune

From this reading Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

halfpennynoun

an English coin worth half a penny

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

losingverbUS /ˈluːzɪŋ/

-ing form of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

Loto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

nutsadjectiveUS /nʌts/

informal or slang terms for mentally irregular

From this reading Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

OftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

pitch-and-toss

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

pitchingnounUS /ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/

(baseball) playing the position of pitcher on a baseball team

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

practicenounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

shoeblack-boy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

shoesnounUS /ʃuːz/

a particular situation

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

spareverbUS /sper/

refrain from harming

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

stoutadjectiveUS /staʊt/

dependable

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

ThinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Such time as he could spare from his avocation he devoted to diligent study of the doctrine of chance, as exemplified in the practice of pitch-and-toss.

tossingverbUS /ˈtɔːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “toss” — throw or toss with a light motion

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

vicissitudesnounUS /vɪˈsɪsɪtuːdz/

plural of “vicissitude” — a variation in circumstances or fortune at different times in your life or in the development of something

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

wearyverbUS /ˈwɪri/

exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

wetadjectiveUS /wet/

covered or soaked with a liquid such as water

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But through all his vicissitudes, BEN kept a stout heart, never losing his conviction that something--he knew not what--would eventually turn up.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading BEN BRUSTLES was only a poor shoeblack-boy who cleaned boots--ay, and even shoes, for his daily bread.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Often and often, after pitching and tossing in the cold wet streets for long weary hours, he would return home without a halfpenny.

yepronounUS /jiː/

an old word for “you”, speaking to more than one person

From this reading Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!

youthsnounUS /juːðz/

plural of “youth” — a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading Think of this, ye more fortunate youths, who sit at home at ease, and play Loto for nuts!

Chapter 2 of Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891 by Various holds 19 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891 contain?

Chapter 2 holds 19 sentences of Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 19 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891

Common questions about reading Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891 take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891 section by section

How to work through Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891

Words and structures a reader meets early in Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Punch — Volume 100, February 7, 1891, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.