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Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891
Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891 is here in full — 518 sentences across 104 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891
Context Illustration Reading 1/103 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.
When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.
And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.
GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.
It was a poor lame place, with its wooden feet in the sea.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891 is here in full — 518 sentences across 104 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/103 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.
Line 2
When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.
/wen ə mæn pəˈzesəz ðæt pərˈtɪkjələr ʃeɪp ʌv ˈmʌsəl hiː ɪz ʃʊr tuː biː ə hɑːrd nʌt tuː kræk/
Line 3
And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.
Line 4
GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.
Line 5
It was a poor lame place, with its wooden feet in the sea.
/ɪt wɑːz ə puːr leɪm pleɪs wɪð ɪts ˈwʊdən fiːt ɪn ðə siː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

gnarled adjective US /nɑːrld/

used of old persons or old trees; covered with knobs or knots

From this reading “STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.”

gorgon noun US /ˈɡɔːrɡən/

(Greek mythology) any of three winged sister monsters and the mortal Medusa who had live snakes for hair; a glance at Medusa turned the beholder to stone

From this reading “GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.”

Iceland noun US /ˈaɪslənd/

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading “GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.”

lame noun US /leɪm/

someone who doesn't understand what is going on

From this reading “It was a poor lame place, with its wooden feet in the sea.”

muscle noun US /ˈmʌsəl/

one of the contractile organs of the body

From this reading “When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.”

nut noun US /nʌt/

usually large hard-shelled seed

From this reading “When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.”

possesses verb US /pəˈzesəz/

third-person singular of “possess” — have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading “When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.”

Reykjavik noun US /ˈrekjəvɪk/

the capital and chief port of Iceland on the southwestern coast of Iceland; buildings are heated by natural hot water

From this reading “GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

beech-tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

crackverbUS /kræk/

become fractured; break or crack on the surface only

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

creepingnounUS /ˈkriːpɪŋ/

a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

fair-hairedadjective

favorite

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading It was a poor lame place, with its wooden feet in the sea.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

giganticadjectiveUS /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

gnarledadjectiveUS /nɑːrld/

used of old persons or old trees; covered with knobs or knots

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

GORGONnounUS /ˈɡɔːrɡən/

(Greek mythology) any of three winged sister monsters and the mortal Medusa who had live snakes for hair; a glance at Medusa turned the beholder to stone

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

GORGONSEN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

GovernornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

hungryadjectiveUS /ˈhʌŋɡri/

feeling hunger; feeling a need or desire to eat food

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

IcelandnounUS /ˈaɪslənd/

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was a poor lame place, with its wooden feet in the sea.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a poor lame place, with its wooden feet in the sea.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It was a poor lame place, with its wooden feet in the sea.

lamenounUS /leɪm/

someone who doesn't understand what is going on

From this reading It was a poor lame place, with its wooden feet in the sea.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

musclenounUS /ˈmʌsəl/

one of the contractile organs of the body

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

musclesnounUS /ˈmʌsəlz/

plural of “muscle” — one of the contractile organs of the body

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

nutnounUS /nʌt/

usually large hard-shelled seed

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

ORRORS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

PATRICKSEN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading It was a poor lame place, with its wooden feet in the sea.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

possessesverbUS /pəˈzesəz/

third-person singular of “possess” — have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

ReykjaviknounUS /ˈrekjəvɪk/

the capital and chief port of Iceland on the southwestern coast of Iceland; buildings are heated by natural hot water

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading It was a poor lame place, with its wooden feet in the sea.

settlementnounUS /ˈsetəlmənt/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

STIFFUN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When a man possesses that particular shape of muscle he is sure to be a hard nut to crack.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading STIFFUN ORRORS was a gigantic fair-haired man, whose muscles were like the great gnarled round heads of a beech-tree.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading GORGON GORGONSEN Was Governor of Iceland, and lived at Reykjavik, the capital, which was not only little and hungry, but was also a creeping settlement with a face turned to America.

woodenadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdən/

made or consisting of (entirely or in part) or employing wood

From this reading It was a poor lame place, with its wooden feet in the sea.

wretchedadjectiveUS /ˈretʃɪd/

of very poor quality or condition

From this reading And so poor PATRICKSEN found him, merely getting his own wretched back broken for his trouble.

Chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891 by Various holds 518 sentences, grouped into 104 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 518 sentences of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891, unabridged, divided into 104 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 518 sentences, grouped into 104 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891?

Work through the 104 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 104 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891

Common questions about reading Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891?

Yes. All 518 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12951 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12951, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891 take to read?

About 43 minutes of reading across 104 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891 section by section

How to work through Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891

Words and structures a reader meets early in Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stiffun
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Orrors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gigantic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fair-haired
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch — Volume 100, January 10, 1891; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.