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Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891
Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891 is here in full — 632 sentences across 127 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891
Context Illustration Reading 17/126 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."
[Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.
Greek came into the Western world, poor and needy, three centuries ago.
By her own unaided charms she has won her way.
By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891 is here in full — 632 sentences across 127 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 17/126 · 5 reading units · Lines 81–85

Line 1
For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."
Line 2
[Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.
Line 3
Greek came into the Western world, poor and needy, three centuries ago.
/ɡriːk keɪm ˈɪntuː ðə ˈwestərn wɜːrld puːr ənd ˈniːdi θriː ˈsentʃəriz əˈɡoʊ/
Line 4
By her own unaided charms she has won her way.
/baɪ hɜːr oʊn əˈneɪdɪd tʃɑːrmz ʃiː hæz wʌn hɜːr weɪ/
Line 5
By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

centuries noun US /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading “Greek came into the Western world, poor and needy, three centuries ago.”

competitors noun US /kəmˈpetətərz/

plural of “competitor” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading “By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!”

needy adjective US /ˈniːdi/

poor enough to need help from others

From this reading “Greek came into the Western world, poor and needy, three centuries ago.”

protected adjective US /prəˈtektɪd/

kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss

From this reading “[Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.”

studies noun US /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading “[Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.”

subscribe verb US /səbˈskraɪb/

offer to buy, as of stocks and shares

From this reading “For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."”

subscription noun US /səbˈskrɪpʃən/

a payment for consecutive issues of a newspaper or magazine for a given period of time

From this reading “For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."”

unaided adjective US /əˈneɪdɪd/

carried out without aid or assistance

From this reading “By her own unaided charms she has won her way.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Greek came into the Western world, poor and needy, three centuries ago.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading [Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By her own unaided charms she has won her way.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Greek came into the Western world, poor and needy, three centuries ago.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading Greek came into the Western world, poor and needy, three centuries ago.

charmsnounUS /tʃɑːrmz/

plural of “charm” — attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates

From this reading By her own unaided charms she has won her way.

CITYnounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

civilisationnoun

the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

competitorsnounUS /kəmˈpetətərz/

plural of “competitor” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

CROESUSnoun

last king of Lydia (died in 546 BC)

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading [Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading [Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading By her own unaided charms she has won her way.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading By her own unaided charms she has won her way.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Greek came into the Western world, poor and needy, three centuries ago.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

needyadjectiveUS /ˈniːdi/

poor enough to need help from others

From this reading Greek came into the Western world, poor and needy, three centuries ago.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading [Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading [Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading By her own unaided charms she has won her way.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading [Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.

PHEMALE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Greek came into the Western world, poor and needy, three centuries ago.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

protectedadjectiveUS /prəˈtektɪd/

kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss

From this reading [Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.

PROTEKTED

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.

re-open

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading By her own unaided charms she has won her way.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

studiesnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading [Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.

subscribeverbUS /səbˈskraɪb/

offer to buy, as of stocks and shares

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

subscriptionnounUS /səbˈskrɪpʃən/

a payment for consecutive issues of a newspaper or magazine for a given period of time

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

THAE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Greek came into the Western world, poor and needy, three centuries ago.

TimesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

unaidedadjectiveUS /əˈneɪdɪd/

carried out without aid or assistance

From this reading By her own unaided charms she has won her way.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading By her own unaided charms she has won her way.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading [Greek: THAE PROTEKTED PHEMALE.] ["For our part we do not believe in protected studies.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

WesternadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading Greek came into the Western world, poor and needy, three centuries ago.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading By those charms we believe that she will hold her own against all competitors until literature and civilisation are no more."--_Times_.] Protected Greek!

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading By her own unaided charms she has won her way.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Greek came into the Western world, poor and needy, three centuries ago.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading For the present I close the account, to re-open it next week, and, to show my good faith, send you my subscription, which you may read here, as I subscribe myself, "CROESUS, CITY."

Chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891 by Various holds 632 sentences, grouped into 127 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 632 sentences of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891, unabridged, divided into 127 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 632 sentences, grouped into 127 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891?

Work through the 127 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 127 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891

Common questions about reading Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891?

Yes. All 632 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14067 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14067, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891 take to read?

About 52 minutes of reading across 127 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891 section by section

How to work through Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891

Words and structures a reader meets early in Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charivari
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
November
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fancy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch — Volume 101, November 7, 1891; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.