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Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890
Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890 is here in full — 578 sentences across 116 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890
Context Illustration Reading 1/115 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GEORGE GINSLING was alone in his College-rooms at Cambridge.
His friends had just left him.
They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.
They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.
GEORGE had no answer ready, and had replied angrily.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890 is here in full — 578 sentences across 116 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/115 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GEORGE GINSLING was alone in his College-rooms at Cambridge.
Line 2
His friends had just left him.
/hɪz frendz hæd dʒʌst left hɪm/
Line 3
They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.
Line 4
They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.
Line 5
GEORGE had no answer ready, and had replied angrily.
/dʒɔːrdʒ hæd noʊ ˈænsər ˈredi ənd hæd rɪˈplaɪd ˈæŋɡrəli/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bothered adjective US /ˈbɑːðərd/

caused to show discomposure

From this reading “They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.”

Cambridge noun US /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading “GEORGE GINSLING was alone in his College-rooms at Cambridge.”

carpet noun US /ˈkɑːrpət/

floor covering consisting of a piece of thick heavy fabric (usually with nap or pile)

From this reading “They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.”

Christ's noun US /kraɪsts/

possessive form of “christ” — a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

From this reading “They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.”

cigarettes noun US /ˌsɪɡərˈets/

plural of “cigarette” — finely ground tobacco wrapped in paper; for smoking

From this reading “They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.”

Eights noun US /eɪts/

plural of “eight” — the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one

From this reading “They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.”

rowing noun US /ˈroʊɪŋ/

the act of rowing as a sport

From this reading “They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.”

University noun US /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading “They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading GEORGE GINSLING was alone in his College-rooms at Cambridge.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

angrilyadverbUS /ˈæŋɡrəli/

with anger

From this reading GEORGE had no answer ready, and had replied angrily.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading GEORGE had no answer ready, and had replied angrily.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

ashesnounUS /ˈæʃ.ɪz/

The powdery residue left after the burning of a substance.

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

askingnounUS /ˈæskɪŋ/

the verbal act of requesting

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading GEORGE GINSLING was alone in his College-rooms at Cambridge.

Axminster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

boatnounUS /boʊt/

a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

botheredadjectiveUS /ˈbɑːðərd/

caused to show discomposure

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

CambridgenounUS /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading GEORGE GINSLING was alone in his College-rooms at Cambridge.

carpetnounUS /ˈkɑːrpət/

floor covering consisting of a piece of thick heavy fabric (usually with nap or pile)

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

Christ'snounUS /kraɪsts/

possessive form of “christ” — a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

cigarettesnounUS /ˌsɪɡərˈets/

plural of “cigarette” — finely ground tobacco wrapped in paper; for smoking

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

CollegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

College-rooms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GEORGE GINSLING was alone in his College-rooms at Cambridge.

EightsnounUS /eɪts/

plural of “eight” — the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading His friends had just left him.

GEORGEnounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading GEORGE GINSLING was alone in his College-rooms at Cambridge.

GINSLING

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GEORGE GINSLING was alone in his College-rooms at Cambridge.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His friends had just left him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His friends had just left him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading GEORGE GINSLING was alone in his College-rooms at Cambridge.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading GEORGE GINSLING was alone in his College-rooms at Cambridge.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading His friends had just left him.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading His friends had just left him.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading GEORGE had no answer ready, and had replied angrily.

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading GEORGE had no answer ready, and had replied angrily.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

rowingnounUS /ˈroʊɪŋ/

the act of rowing as a sport

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

smokingnounUS /ˈsmoʊkɪŋ/

the act of smoking tobacco or other substances

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

tip-topadverb

to the highest extent

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

TrialnounUS /ˈtraɪəl/

the act of testing something

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading GEORGE GINSLING was alone in his College-rooms at Cambridge.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were quite the tip-top set in Christ's College, and the ashes of the cigarettes they had been smoking lay about the rich Axminster carpet.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

wontnounUS /woʊnt/

an established custom

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading They had been talking about many things, as is the wont of young men, and one of them had particularly bothered GEORGE by asking him why he had refused a seat in the University Trial Eights after rowing No. 5 in his College boat.

Chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890 by Various holds 578 sentences, grouped into 116 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 578 sentences of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890, unabridged, divided into 116 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890 by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 578 sentences, grouped into 116 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890?

Work through the 116 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 116 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890

Common questions about reading Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890 by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890?

Yes. All 578 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12905 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12905, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890 take to read?

About 48 minutes of reading across 116 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890 section by section

How to work through Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890

Words and structures a reader meets early in Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

George
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ginsling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alone
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
College-rooms
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch — Volume 99, December 13, 1890; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.