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Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853)
Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853) is here in full — 706 sentences across 142 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853)
Context Illustration Reading 1/141 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
* * * * * ARMS FOR IRELAND.
THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.
Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.
QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.
* * * * * * * * * * THE LANDLORDS' MEETING AT THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853) is here in full — 706 sentences across 142 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/141 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
* * * * * ARMS FOR IRELAND.
/ɑːrmz fɔːr ˈaɪərlənd/
Line 2
THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.
/ðə kwiːn hæz səˈdʒestɪd tuː ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ ðə prəˈpraɪəti ʌv ˈmendɪŋ ðer oʊn kloʊðz/
Line 3
Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.
/ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː wen wiː hæv sent stiːl tuː ˈaɪərlənd ɪt hæz bɪn ɪn ðə ʃeɪp ʌv sɔːrdz ənd ˈbeɪənets/
Line 4
QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.
/kwiːn vɪkˈtɔːriə ˌhaʊˈevər ə raɪt ˈrɔɪəl ˈhaʊswaɪf ˈprezənts ˈsɪstər ˌhaɪˈbɜːrniə wɪð ə ˈpækət ʌv ˈniːdəlz/
Line 5
* * * * * * * * * * THE LANDLORDS' MEETING AT THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE.
/ðə ˈlændlɔːrdz ˈmiːtɪŋ æt ðə ˈlʌndən ˈkɑːfi haʊs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bayonets noun US /ˈbeɪənets/

plural of “bayonet” — a knife that can be fixed to the end of a rifle and used as a weapon

From this reading “Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.”

hibernia noun US /ˌhaɪˈbɜːrniə/

an island comprising the republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

From this reading “QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.”

housewife noun US /ˈhaʊswaɪf/

a wife who manages a household while her husband earns the family income

From this reading “QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.”

landlords noun US /ˈlændlɔːrdz/

plural of “landlord” — a landowner who leases to others

From this reading “* * * * * * * * * * THE LANDLORDS' MEETING AT THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE.”

mending noun US /ˈmendɪŋ/

garments that must be repaired

From this reading “THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.”

needles noun US /ˈniːdəlz/

plural of “needle” — the leaf of a conifer

From this reading “QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.”

packet noun US /ˈpækət/

a collection of things wrapped or boxed together

From this reading “QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.”

propriety noun US /prəˈpraɪəti/

correct or appropriate behavior

From this reading “THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in the shape preposition + article + noun counted as “in … shape”

In this reading “Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.”

All words in this reading · 46

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.

ARMSnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading * * * * * ARMS FOR IRELAND.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading * * * * * * * * * * THE LANDLORDS' MEETING AT THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE.

bayonetsnounUS /ˈbeɪənets/

plural of “bayonet” — a knife that can be fixed to the end of a rifle and used as a weapon

From this reading Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.

COFFEEnounUS /ˈkɑːfi/

a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans

From this reading * * * * * * * * * * THE LANDLORDS' MEETING AT THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading * * * * * ARMS FOR IRELAND.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.

HIBERNIAnounUS /ˌhaɪˈbɜːrniə/

an island comprising the republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

From this reading QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.

HithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.

HOUSEnounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading * * * * * * * * * * THE LANDLORDS' MEETING AT THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE.

housewifenounUS /ˈhaʊswaɪf/

a wife who manages a household while her husband earns the family income

From this reading QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.

IRELANDnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading * * * * * ARMS FOR IRELAND.

IrishnounUS /ˈaɪrɪʃ/

people of Ireland or of Irish extraction

From this reading THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.

LANDLORDSnounUS /ˈlændlɔːrdz/

plural of “landlord” — a landowner who leases to others

From this reading * * * * * * * * * * THE LANDLORDS' MEETING AT THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading * * * * * * * * * * THE LANDLORDS' MEETING AT THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE.

MEETINGnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading * * * * * * * * * * THE LANDLORDS' MEETING AT THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE.

mendingnounUS /ˈmendɪŋ/

garments that must be repaired

From this reading THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.

needlesnounUS /ˈniːdəlz/

plural of “needle” — the leaf of a conifer

From this reading QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.

packetnounUS /ˈpækət/

a collection of things wrapped or boxed together

From this reading QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.

presentsnounUS /ˈprezənts/

plural of “present” — the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.

proprietynounUS /prəˈpraɪəti/

correct or appropriate behavior

From this reading THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.

QUEENnounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.

suggestedverbUS /səˈdʒestɪd/

past form of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.

swordsnounUS /sɔːrdz/

plural of “sword” — a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE QUEEN has suggested to the Irish the propriety of mending their own clothes.

VICTORIAnounUS /vɪkˈtɔːriə/

queen of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India from 1837 to 1901; the last Hanoverian ruler of England (1819-1901)

From this reading QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Hitherto, when we have sent steel to Ireland, it has been in the shape of swords and bayonets.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading QUEEN VICTORIA, however, a right royal housewife, presents sister HIBERNIA with a packet of needles.

Chapter 16 of Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853) by Various holds 706 sentences, grouped into 142 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853) contain?

Chapter 16 holds 706 sentences of Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853), unabridged, divided into 142 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853) by Various exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 706 sentences, grouped into 142 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853)?

Work through the 142 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 142 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853)

Common questions about reading Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853) by Various on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853)?

Yes. All 11160 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32352 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32352, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853) take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2232 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853) section by section

How to work through Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Punch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charivari
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Punch - Volume 25 (Jul-Dec 1853); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.