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Pygmies & Papuans
Pygmies & Papuans

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Pygmies & Papuans is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Pygmies & Papuans
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.
It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.
Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.
So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.
[Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Pygmies & Papuans

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Pygmies & Papuans is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.
Line 2
It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.
Line 3
Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.
/mɔːˈroʊvər ðə fɜːrst ˈɑːbdʒekt ʌv æn ˌekspəˈdɪʃən tuː ðə ˈmaʊntənz ɪz tuː liːv ðə swɑːmps bɪˈhaɪnd æz suːn æz ˈpɑːsəbəl/
Line 4
So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.
Line 5
[Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

distressingly adverb US /dɪˈstresɪŋli/

unpleasantly

From this reading “So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.”

eaters noun US /ˈiːtərz/

plural of “eater” — someone who consumes food for nourishment

From this reading “It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.”

mainstay noun US /ˈmeɪnsteɪ/

a prominent supporter

From this reading “[Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.”

palatable adjective US /ˈpælətəbəl/

acceptable to the taste or mind

From this reading “It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.”

ration noun US /ˈræʃən/

the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel)

From this reading “[Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.”

sago noun US /ˈseɪɡoʊ/

powdery starch from certain sago palms; used in Asia as a food thickener and textile stiffener

From this reading “It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.”

Thunderstorms noun US /ˈθʌndərstɔːrmz/

plural of “thunderstorm” — a storm resulting from strong rising air currents; heavy rain or hail along with thunder and lightning

From this reading “_Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.”

Transporting verb US /trænˈspɔːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “transport” — move something or somebody around; usually over long distances

From this reading “_Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

dried meat adjective + noun

In this reading “[Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.”

dried fish adjective + noun

In this reading “[Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.”

under compulsion preposition + noun

In this reading “It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.”

Clear Water verb + noun

In this reading “_Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.”

about a quarter preposition + article + noun counted as “about … quarter”

In this reading “[Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.”

first object adjective + noun

In this reading “Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.”

into the country preposition + article + noun counted as “into … country”

In this reading “So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.”

brought into verb + particle counted as “bring into”

In this reading “So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.”

All words in this reading · 142

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

BeesnounUS /biːz/

plural of “bee” — any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.

BirdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

ChoicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

ClearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

CometnounUS /ˈkɑːmət/

(astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

compulsionnounUS /kəmˈpʌlʃən/

an urge to do or say something that might be better left undone or unsaid

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

considerablyadverbUS /kənˈsɪdərəbli/

to a great extent or degree

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

Coolies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

CreaturesnounUS /ˈkriːtʃərz/

plural of “creature” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

CrownedadjectiveUS /kraʊnd/

having an (artificial) crown on a tooth

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

Day'snounUS /deɪz/

possessive form of “day” — time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

DescriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

DifficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

diminishverbUS /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/

decrease in size, extent, or range

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

distressinglyadverbUS /dɪˈstresɪŋli/

unpleasantly

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

districtsnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkts/

plural of “district” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

driedadjectiveUS /draɪd/

not still wet

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

DutchadjectiveUS /dʌtʃ/

of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

eatersnounUS /ˈiːtərz/

plural of “eater” — someone who consumes food for nourishment

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

EuropeansnounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːənz/

plural of “european” — a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

evidentadjectiveUS /ˈevədənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.

explorationnounUS /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃən/

to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.

fishnounUS /fɪʃ/

any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

FoodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

GuineanounUS /ˈɡɪni/

a former British gold coin worth 21 shillings

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

Halley's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

katti

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

lacknounUS /læk/

the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.

low-lyingadjective

having a small elevation above the ground or horizon or sea level

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

mainstaynounUS /ˈmeɪnsteɪ/

a prominent supporter

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

majoritynounUS /məˈdʒɔːrəti/

the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

MalaynounUS /ˈmeɪleɪ/

a member of a people inhabiting the northern Malay Peninsula and Malaysia and parts of the western Malay Archipelago

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

MalaysnounUS /məˈleɪz/

plural of “malay” — a member of a people inhabiting the northern Malay Peninsula and Malaysia and parts of the western Malay Archipelago

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

meatnounUS /miːt/

the flesh of animals (including fishes and birds and snails) used as food

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

Mimika

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

MonotonousadjectiveUS /məˈnɑːtənəs/

tediously repetitious or lacking in variety

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

MoreoveradverbUS /mɔːˈroʊvər/

in addition to what has just been said

From this reading Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.

obstaclesnounUS /ˈɑːbstəkəlz/

plural of “obstacle” — something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

Others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

palatableadjectiveUS /ˈpælətəbəl/

acceptable to the taste or mind

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

ParadisenounUS /ˈperədaɪs/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

PigeonsnounUS /ˈpɪdʒənz/

plural of “pigeon” — wild and domesticated birds having a heavy body and short legs

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

plentynounUS /ˈplenti/

a full supply

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.

poundverbUS /paʊnd/

hit hard with the hand, fist, or some heavy instrument

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

poundsnounUS /paʊndz/

plural of “pound” — 16 ounces avoirdupois

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

preparationnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/

the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

principalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

ProvisionsnounUS /prəˈvɪʒənz/

a stock or supply of foods

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

quantitynounUS /ˈkwɑːntəti/

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

RainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

RapidsnounUS /ˈræpədz/

plural of “rapid” — a part of a river where the current is very fast

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

rationnounUS /ˈræʃən/

the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel)

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

RationsnounUS /ˈræʃənz/

plural of “ration” — the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel)

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

ricenounUS /raɪs/

grains used as food either unpolished or more often polished

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

sagonounUS /ˈseɪɡoʊ/

powdery starch from certain sago palms; used in Asia as a food thickener and textile stiffener

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

Sago-palms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

ScenerynounUS /ˈsiːnəri/

the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

scrapnounUS /skræp/

a small fragment of something broken off from the whole

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

SeasonsnounUS /ˈsiːzənz/

plural of “season” — a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

Sidenote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

SnakesnounUS /sneɪks/

plural of “snake” — limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

SuppliesnounUS /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

swampsnounUS /swɑːmps/

plural of “swamp” — low land that is seasonally flooded; has more woody plants than a marsh and better drainage than a bog

From this reading Moreover the first object of an expedition to the mountains is to leave the swamps behind as soon as possible.

swampyadjectiveUS /ˈswɑːmpi/

(of soil) soft and watery

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

tediousadjectiveUS /ˈtiːdiəs/

so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

ThunderstormsnounUS /ˈθʌndərstɔːrmz/

plural of “thunderstorm” — a storm resulting from strong rising air currents; heavy rain or hail along with thunder and lightning

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

tolerablyadverb

in an acceptable (but not outstanding) manner

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

transportnounUS /trænˈspɔːrt/

something that serves as a means of transportation

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

TransportingverbUS /trænˈspɔːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “transport” — move something or somebody around; usually over long distances

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading It is true that in the low-lying swampy districts near the coast there are plenty of Sago-palms, but the majority of Malays are not sago eaters except under compulsion, and the preparation of sago to make it only tolerably palatable is a tedious business.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

WaternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading [Sidenote: SUPPLIES] The mainstay of the food of Malay coolies and soldiers is rice, of which the daily ration is one _katti_ (1-1/3 pounds); to this is added about a quarter of a pound of dried meat or dried fish.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading So it follows that every scrap of food, for the coolies as well as for the Europeans, has to be brought into the country from outside, and it will be evident that, when the means of transport are distressingly slow, the provisions must diminish considerably in quantity as they are carried towards the interior.

WindnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

WorkverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading _Difficulties of Food—Coolies’ Rations—Choice of Provisions—Transporting Supplies up the Mimika—Description of the River—A Day’s Work—Monotonous Scenery—Crowned Pigeons—Birds of Paradise and Others—Snakes, Bees and other Creatures—Rapids and Clear Water—The Seasons—Wind—Rain—Thunderstorms—Halley’s Comet._ One of the principal obstacles in the way of successful exploration in Dutch New Guinea is the lack of food in the country itself.

Chapter 7 of Pygmies & Papuans by A. F. R. (Alexander Frederick Richmond) Wollaston holds 137 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Pygmies & Papuans contain?

Chapter 7 holds 137 sentences of Pygmies & Papuans, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Pygmies & Papuans by A. F. R. (Alexander Frederick Richmond) Wollaston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 137 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Pygmies & Papuans?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Pygmies & Papuans

Common questions about reading Pygmies & Papuans by A. F. R. (Alexander Frederick Richmond) Wollaston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Pygmies & Papuans?

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Project Gutenberg eBook #53384, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Pygmies & Papuans take to read?

About 357 minutes of reading across 857 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Pygmies & Papuans

Words and structures a reader meets early in Pygmies & Papuans, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Committee
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pygmies & Papuans; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Organised
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pygmies & Papuans; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Expedition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pygmies & Papuans; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dutch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pygmies & Papuans; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.