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Questionable Shapes
Questionable Shapes

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Questionable Shapes is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
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Author of Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” Literature And Life,” The Kentons,” Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.
HIS APPARITION.
The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.
Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.
He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Questionable Shapes

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Questionable Shapes is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Author ofLiterary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.
Line 2
HIS APPARITION.
/hɪz ˌæpərˈɪʃən/
Line 3
The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.
Line 4
Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.
Line 5
He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.
/hiː hæd bɪn ˈveri ˈlɪtəl ˈædʒəteɪtɪd æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt ənd ɪt wɑːz nɑːt tɪl ˈleɪtər wen ðə ˈkɑːnflɪkt bɪˈtwiːn sens ənd ˈriːzən kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ ðə fækt ˌɪtˈself ərˈoʊz ðæt hiː wɑːz əˈwer ʌv ˈeni ˌpɜːrtərˈbeɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apparition noun US /ˌæpərˈɪʃən/

a ghostly appearing figure

From this reading “HIS APPARITION.”

appreciated adjective US /əˈpriːʃieɪtɪd/

fully understood or grasped

From this reading “Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.”

confronted verb US /kənˈfrʌntəd/

past form of “confront” — oppose, as in hostility or a competition

From this reading “Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.”

lacking adjective US /ˈlækɪŋ/

inadequate in amount or degree

From this reading “The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.”

manifestations noun US /ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃənz/

plural of “manifestation” — a clear appearance

From this reading “The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.”

perturbation noun US /ˌpɜːrtərˈbeɪʃən/

an unhappy and worried mental state

From this reading “He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.”

spiritualism noun US /ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəlɪzəm/

(theology) any doctrine that asserts the separate existence of God

From this reading “The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.”

supernatural noun US /ˌsuːpərˈnætʃərəl/

supernatural forces and events and beings collectively

From this reading “The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

AcquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

agitatedadjectiveUS /ˈædʒəteɪtɪd/

troubled emotionally and usually deeply

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

APPARITIONnounUS /ˌæpərˈɪʃən/

a ghostly appearing figure

From this reading HIS APPARITION.

appreciatedadjectiveUS /əˈpriːʃieɪtɪd/

fully understood or grasped

From this reading Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.

aroseverbUS /ərˈoʊz/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

awareadjectiveUS /əˈwer/

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

conflictnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

confrontedverbUS /kənˈfrʌntəd/

past form of “confront” — oppose, as in hostility or a competition

From this reading Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.

dignitynounUS /ˈdɪɡnəti/

the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

Etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

FriendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.

Hewson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading HIS APPARITION.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

incidentnounUS /ˈɪnsədənt/

a single distinct event

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

JourneyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

Kentons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

lackingadjectiveUS /ˈlækɪŋ/

inadequate in amount or degree

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

LiteraryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

LiteraturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

manifestationsnounUS /ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃənz/

plural of “manifestation” — a clear appearance

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

perturbationnounUS /ˌpɜːrtərˈbeɪʃən/

an unhappy and worried mental state

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

professionaladjectiveUS /prəˈfeʃənəl/

engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

realizedadjectiveUS /ˈriːəlaɪzd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

SilvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.

spiritualismnounUS /ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəlɪzəm/

(theology) any doctrine that asserts the separate existence of God

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

supernaturalnounUS /ˌsuːpərˈnætʃərəl/

supernatural forces and events and beings collectively

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

vulgarizeverb

cater to popular taste to make popular and present to the general public; bring into general or common use

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

WeddingnounUS /ˈwedɪŋ/

the social event at which the ceremony of marriage is performed

From this reading Author of “Literary Friends And Acquaintance,” “Literature And Life,” “The Kentons,” “Their Silver Wedding Journey,” Etc., Etc.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He had been very little agitated at the moment, and it was not till later, when the conflict between sense and reason concerning the fact itself arose, that he was aware of any perturbation.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The incident was of a dignity which the supernatural has by no means always had, and which has been more than ever lacking in it since the manifestations of professional spiritualism began to vulgarize it.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Hewson appreciated this as soon as he realized that he had been confronted with an apparition.

Chapter 1 of Questionable Shapes by William Dean Howells holds 400 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Questionable Shapes contain?

Chapter 1 holds 400 sentences of Questionable Shapes, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Questionable Shapes by William Dean Howells exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 400 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Questionable Shapes?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Questionable Shapes

Common questions about reading Questionable Shapes by William Dean Howells on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Questionable Shapes?

Yes. All 2014 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9458 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Questionable Shapes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9458, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Questionable Shapes take to read?

About 167 minutes of reading across 403 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Questionable Shapes section by section

How to work through Questionable Shapes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Questionable Shapes

Words and structures a reader meets early in Questionable Shapes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Questionable Shapes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Literary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Questionable Shapes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friends
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Questionable Shapes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Acquaintance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Questionable Shapes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.