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Rafael in Italy
Rafael in Italy

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Rafael in Italy is here in full — 46 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Rafael in Italy
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AN EVENING IN VENICE It was a glorious summer evening.
The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.
The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.
There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.
No place in all the world shines with more brilliancy than Venice in carnival time.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rafael in Italy

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Rafael in Italy is here in full — 46 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AN EVENING IN VENICE It was a glorious summer evening.
/æn ˈiːvnɪŋ ɪn ˈvenəs ɪt wɑːz ə ˈɡlɔːriəs ˈsʌmər ˈiːvnɪŋ/
Line 2
The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.
/ðə muːn ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsɪti ʌv ˈvenəs ʃoʊn daʊn ɑːn ˈtaʊərz ənd doʊmz ənd ˈmɑːrbəl ˈpæləsəz ənd meɪd ə ˈɡoʊldən pæθ ɪn ðə ˈrɪpəlɪŋ ˈwɔːtərz ʌv ðə ləˈɡuːn/
Line 3
The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.
/ðə skwerz ʌv ðə ˈsɪti wɜːr ɔːl əˈbleɪz wɪð laɪts waɪl frʌm ˈevəri ˈwɪndoʊ ənd ˈbælkəni ˈtwɪŋkəlɪŋ dʒets ʌv fleɪm faʊnd ðer rɪˈflekʃən ɪn ðə kəˈnælz ənd ˈleŋθənd ˈɪntuː ˈʃɪmərɪŋ ˈæroʊz ʌv ɡoʊld/
Line 4
There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.
Line 5
No place in all the world shines with more brilliancy than Venice in carnival time.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ablaze adjective US /əˈbleɪz/

keenly excited (especially sexually) or indicating excitement

From this reading “The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.”

canals noun US /kəˈnælz/

plural of “canal” — (astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion

From this reading “The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.”

carnival noun US /ˈkɑːrnəvəl/

a festival marked by merrymaking and processions

From this reading “No place in all the world shines with more brilliancy than Venice in carnival time.”

domes noun US /doʊmz/

plural of “dome” — a concave shape whose distinguishing characteristic is that the concavity faces downward

From this reading “The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.”

jets noun US /dʒets/

plural of “jet” — an airplane powered by one or more jet engines

From this reading “The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.”

lapping noun US /ˈlæpɪŋ/

covering with a design in which one element covers a part of another (as with tiles or shingles)

From this reading “There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.”

lengthened adjective US /ˈleŋθənd/

drawn out or made longer spatially

From this reading “The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.”

shimmering verb US /ˈʃɪmərɪŋ/

-ing form of “shimmer” — shine with a weak or fitful light

From this reading “The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading AN EVENING IN VENICE It was a glorious summer evening.

ablazeadjectiveUS /əˈbleɪz/

keenly excited (especially sexually) or indicating excitement

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading AN EVENING IN VENICE It was a glorious summer evening.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

arrowsnounUS /ˈæroʊz/

plural of “arrow” — a mark to indicate a direction or relation

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

balconynounUS /ˈbælkəni/

an upper floor projecting from the rear over the main floor in an auditorium

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

bandnounUS /bænd/

an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

boatmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

brilliancynoun

a quality that outshines the usual

From this reading No place in all the world shines with more brilliancy than Venice in carnival time.

callsnounUS /kɔːlz/

plural of “call” — a telephone connection

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

canalsnounUS /kəˈnælz/

plural of “canal” — (astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

carnivalnounUS /ˈkɑːrnəvəl/

a festival marked by merrymaking and processions

From this reading No place in all the world shines with more brilliancy than Venice in carnival time.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

domesnounUS /doʊmz/

plural of “dome” — a concave shape whose distinguishing characteristic is that the concavity faces downward

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

EVENINGnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading AN EVENING IN VENICE It was a glorious summer evening.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

flamenounUS /fleɪm/

A hot glowing body of ignited gas produced by fire.

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

gloriousadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading AN EVENING IN VENICE It was a glorious summer evening.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading AN EVENING IN VENICE It was a glorious summer evening.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading AN EVENING IN VENICE It was a glorious summer evening.

jetsnounUS /dʒets/

plural of “jet” — an airplane powered by one or more jet engines

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

lagoonnounUS /ləˈɡuːn/

a body of water cut off from a larger body by a reef of sand or coral

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

lappingnounUS /ˈlæpɪŋ/

covering with a design in which one element covers a part of another (as with tiles or shingles)

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

lengthenedadjectiveUS /ˈleŋθənd/

drawn out or made longer spatially

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

lightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

marblenounUS /ˈmɑːrbəl/

a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

MarkverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading No place in all the world shines with more brilliancy than Venice in carnival time.

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

palacesnounUS /ˈpæləsəz/

plural of “palace” — a large and stately mansion

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

PiazzanounUS /piˈæzə/

a public square with room for pedestrians

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading No place in all the world shines with more brilliancy than Venice in carnival time.

reflectionnounUS /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

ripplingnounUS /ˈrɪpəlɪŋ/

a small wave on the surface of a liquid

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

shimmeringverbUS /ˈʃɪmərɪŋ/

-ing form of “shimmer” — shine with a weak or fitful light

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

shinesnounUS /ʃaɪnz/

plural of “shine” — the quality of being bright and sending out rays of light

From this reading No place in all the world shines with more brilliancy than Venice in carnival time.

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

soundsnounUS /saʊndz/

plural of “sound” — the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

squaresnounUS /skwerz/

plural of “square” — (geometry) a plane rectangle with four equal sides and four right angles; a four-sided regular polygon

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

strainsnounUS /streɪnz/

plural of “strain” — (physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading AN EVENING IN VENICE It was a glorious summer evening.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading No place in all the world shines with more brilliancy than Venice in carnival time.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading No place in all the world shines with more brilliancy than Venice in carnival time.

towersnounUS /ˈtaʊərz/

plural of “tower” — a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

twinklingnounUS /ˈtwɪŋkəlɪŋ/

a very short time (as the time it takes the eye to blink or the heart to beat)

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

VENICEnounUS /ˈvenəs/

the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction

From this reading AN EVENING IN VENICE It was a glorious summer evening.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading AN EVENING IN VENICE It was a glorious summer evening.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading The moon, rising over the city of Venice, shone down on towers and domes and marble palaces, and made a golden path in the rippling waters of the lagoon.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading There were no sounds save the calls of the boatmen, the soft lapping of the waves against the marble walls and steps, and occasional strains of music from the military band in the Piazza of St. Mark.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The squares of the city were all ablaze with lights, while from every window and balcony twinkling jets of flame found their reflection in the canals, and lengthened into shimmering arrows of gold.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading No place in all the world shines with more brilliancy than Venice in carnival time.

Chapter 2 of Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald holds 46 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Rafael in Italy contain?

Chapter 2 holds 46 sentences of Rafael in Italy, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 46 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Rafael in Italy?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rafael in Italy

Common questions about reading Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rafael in Italy?

Yes. All 1337 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28765 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rafael in Italy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28765, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rafael in Italy take to read?

About 111 minutes of reading across 268 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rafael in Italy section by section

How to work through Rafael in Italy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Rafael in Italy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rafael in Italy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rafael in Italy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vocabulary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Phonetic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pronunciation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.