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Rafael in Italy
Rafael in Italy

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Rafael in Italy is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
EDITH'S FLORENTINE MOSAIC HOTEL NEW YORK, FLORENCE, ITALY.
October 10, 19--.
TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?
Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.
We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rafael in Italy

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Rafael in Italy is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
EDITH'S FLORENTINE MOSAIC HOTEL NEW YORK, FLORENCE, ITALY.
Line 2
October 10, 19--.
Line 3
TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?
Line 4
Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.
/ˌɔːlˈðoʊ wiː hæv bɪn ɪn ˈflɔːrəns fɔːr mɔːr ðæn ə mʌnθ wiː hæv nɑːt jet fərˈɡɑːt.n̩ ˈaʊər ˈvɪzɪt ɪn ˈvenəs ənd ˈaʊər ˈdʒɜːrni tuː vərˈoʊnə/
Line 5
We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.
/wiː sæt baɪ ðə raɪtˈhænd ˈwɪndoʊ ɪn ðə treɪn æz juː toʊld ʌs tuː duː bʌt aɪ lʊkt ˈɔːfən əˈkrɔːs ðə weɪ tuː siː wʌt kʊd teɪk pleɪs ɑːn ðə ˈɑːpəzət saɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

florentine adjective US /ˈflɔːrəntiːn/

of or relating to or characteristic of the city of Florence, Italy

From this reading “EDITH'S FLORENTINE MOSAIC HOTEL NEW YORK, FLORENCE, ITALY.”

mosaic noun US /moʊˈzeɪɪk/

art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass

From this reading “EDITH'S FLORENTINE MOSAIC HOTEL NEW YORK, FLORENCE, ITALY.”

October noun US /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading “October 10, 19--.”

right-hand adjective US /raɪtˈhænd/

located on or directed toward the right

From this reading “We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.”

signor noun US /ˈsiːnjɔːr/

used as an Italian courtesy title; can be prefixed to the name or used separately

From this reading “TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?”

tops adjective US /tɑːps/

of the highest quality

From this reading “TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?”

Venice noun US /ˈvenəs/

the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction

From this reading “Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.”

Verona noun US /vərˈoʊnə/

a city in Veneto on the River Adige

From this reading “Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading October 10, 19--.

19

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading October 10, 19--.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

Canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

EDITH'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading EDITH'S FLORENTINE MOSAIC HOTEL NEW YORK, FLORENCE, ITALY.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

FLORENCEnounUS /ˈflɔːrəns/

a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries

From this reading EDITH'S FLORENTINE MOSAIC HOTEL NEW YORK, FLORENCE, ITALY.

FLORENTINEadjectiveUS /ˈflɔːrəntiːn/

of or relating to or characteristic of the city of Florence, Italy

From this reading EDITH'S FLORENTINE MOSAIC HOTEL NEW YORK, FLORENCE, ITALY.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

HOTELnounUS /hoʊˈtel/

a building where travelers can pay for lodging and meals and other services

From this reading EDITH'S FLORENTINE MOSAIC HOTEL NEW YORK, FLORENCE, ITALY.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

ITALYnounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading EDITH'S FLORENTINE MOSAIC HOTEL NEW YORK, FLORENCE, ITALY.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

momentsnounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

plural of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

MOSAICnounUS /moʊˈzeɪɪk/

art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass

From this reading EDITH'S FLORENTINE MOSAIC HOTEL NEW YORK, FLORENCE, ITALY.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

NEWadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading EDITH'S FLORENTINE MOSAIC HOTEL NEW YORK, FLORENCE, ITALY.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading October 10, 19--.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

RAFAEL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

right-handadjectiveUS /raɪtˈhænd/

located on or directed toward the right

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

SIGNORnounUS /ˈsiːnjɔːr/

used as an Italian courtesy title; can be prefixed to the name or used separately

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

Spragues

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

topsadjectiveUS /tɑːps/

of the highest quality

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

VALLA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

VenicenounUS /ˈvenəs/

the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

VeronanounUS /vərˈoʊnə/

a city in Veneto on the River Adige

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading We sat by the right-hand window in the train, as you told us to do; but I looked often across the way to see what could take place on the opposite side.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Although we have been in Florence for more than a month, we have not yet forgotten our visit in Venice and our journey to Verona.

YORKnounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading EDITH'S FLORENTINE MOSAIC HOTEL NEW YORK, FLORENCE, ITALY.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading TO SIGNOR RAFAEL VALLA, _My dear Sir:_--Can you leave your tops for a few moments and read a letter from your American friends, the Spragues?

Chapter 9 of Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald holds 44 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Rafael in Italy contain?

Chapter 9 holds 44 sentences of Rafael in Italy, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 44 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Rafael in Italy?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rafael in Italy

Common questions about reading Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rafael in Italy?

Yes. All 1337 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28765 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rafael in Italy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28765, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rafael in Italy take to read?

About 111 minutes of reading across 268 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rafael in Italy section by section

How to work through Rafael in Italy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Rafael in Italy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rafael in Italy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rafael in Italy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vocabulary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Phonetic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pronunciation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.