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Rafael in Italy
Rafael in Italy

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Rafael in Italy is here in full — 104 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Rafael in Italy
Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!
Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.
It was the joy of the morning to find a letter from you to-day.
Two letters have I now had in my life, and both from Italy.
I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rafael in Italy

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Rafael in Italy is here in full — 104 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!
Line 2
Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.
/jet ɪt wʊd nɑːt biː soʊ ɪf juː wɜːr nɑːt ˈɔːlsoʊ ɡlæd fɔːr miː/
Line 3
It was the joy of the morning to find a letter from you to-day.
Line 4
Two letters have I now had in my life, and both from Italy.
/tuː ˈletərz hæv aɪ naʊ hæd ɪn maɪ laɪf ənd boʊθ frʌm ˈɪtəli/
Line 5
I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

America noun US /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading “I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.”

gathering noun US /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/

a group of persons together in one place

From this reading “GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!”

grapes noun US /ɡreɪps/

plural of “grape” — any of various juicy fruit of the genus Vitis with green or purple skins; grow in clusters

From this reading “GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!”

Italians noun US /ˌɪˈtæljənz/

plural of “italian” — a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading “I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.”

Italy noun US /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading “Two letters have I now had in my life, and both from Italy.”

nobody pronoun US /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading “I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.”

tuscany noun US /ˈtʌskəni/

a region in central Italy

From this reading “GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!”

venice noun US /ˈvenəs/

the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction

From this reading “GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was the joy of the morning to find a letter from you to-day.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Two letters have I now had in my life, and both from Italy.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Two letters have I now had in my life, and both from Italy.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading It was the joy of the morning to find a letter from you to-day.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was the joy of the morning to find a letter from you to-day.

fruit-man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.

GATHERINGnounUS /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/

a group of persons together in one place

From this reading GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!

GRAPESnounUS /ɡreɪps/

plural of “grape” — any of various juicy fruit of the genus Vitis with green or purple skins; grow in clusters

From this reading GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Two letters have I now had in my life, and both from Italy.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Two letters have I now had in my life, and both from Italy.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.

ItaliansnounUS /ˌɪˈtæljənz/

plural of “italian” — a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading Two letters have I now had in my life, and both from Italy.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading It was the joy of the morning to find a letter from you to-day.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading It was the joy of the morning to find a letter from you to-day.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading Two letters have I now had in my life, and both from Italy.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Two letters have I now had in my life, and both from Italy.

MADRE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.

MIA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading It was the joy of the morning to find a letter from you to-day.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Two letters have I now had in my life, and both from Italy.

nobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Two letters have I now had in my life, and both from Italy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was the joy of the morning to find a letter from you to-day.

Paolo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was the joy of the morning to find a letter from you to-day.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the joy of the morning to find a letter from you to-day.

TUSCANYnounUS /ˈtʌskəni/

a region in central Italy

From this reading GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two letters have I now had in my life, and both from Italy.

VENICEnounUS /ˈvenəs/

the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction

From this reading GATHERING GRAPES IN TUSCANY TO MADRE MIA IN VENICE:-- I am still glad!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the joy of the morning to find a letter from you to-day.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading I had thought we Italians had letters from nobody but "friends in America," as Paolo, the fruit-man, always says.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Yet it would not be so if you were not also glad for me.

Chapter 11 of Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald holds 104 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Rafael in Italy contain?

Chapter 11 holds 104 sentences of Rafael in Italy, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 104 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Rafael in Italy?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rafael in Italy

Common questions about reading Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rafael in Italy?

Yes. All 1337 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28765 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rafael in Italy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28765, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rafael in Italy take to read?

About 111 minutes of reading across 268 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rafael in Italy section by section

How to work through Rafael in Italy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Rafael in Italy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rafael in Italy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rafael in Italy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vocabulary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Phonetic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pronunciation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.