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Rafael in Italy
Rafael in Italy

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Rafael in Italy is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Rafael in Italy
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.
And he saw the king!
It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.
In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.
As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rafael in Italy

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Rafael in Italy is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.
Line 2
And he saw the king!
/ənd hiː sɔː ðə kɪŋ/
Line 3
It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.
Line 4
In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.
Line 5
As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.
/æz hiː lʊkt bɪˈɑːnd ðə ɡɜːrl hiː met ə ˈpɪrsɪŋ ɡlæns frʌm ə per ʌv ˈbrɪljənt bluː aɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bubbles noun US /ˈbʌbəlz/

plural of “bubble” — a hollow globule of gas (e.g., air or carbon dioxide)

From this reading “In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.”

carriages noun US /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading “It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.”

costumes noun US /kɑːˈstuːmz/

plural of “costume” — the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball

From this reading “It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.”

festivals noun US /ˈfestəvəlz/

plural of “festival” — a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

From this reading “It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.”

joyful adjective US /ˈdʒɔɪfəl/

full of or producing joy

From this reading “MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.”

naples noun US /ˈneɪpəlz/

a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region

From this reading “MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.”

piercing adjective US /ˈpɪrsɪŋ/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading “As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.”

Villa noun US /ˈvɪlə/

Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading “It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

accountsnounUS /əˈkaʊnts/

plural of “account” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And he saw the king!

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.

Borghese

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.

bubblesnounUS /ˈbʌbəlz/

plural of “bubble” — a hollow globule of gas (e.g., air or carbon dioxide)

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

carriagesnounUS /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

costumesnounUS /kɑːˈstuːmz/

plural of “costume” — the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

crowdedadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊdəd/

overfilled or compacted or concentrated

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

cupnounUS /kʌp/

a small open container usually used for drinking; usually has a handle

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

drovenounUS /droʊv/

a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

Edith

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.

festivalsnounUS /ˈfestəvəlz/

plural of “festival” — a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

gayest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.

glanceverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And he saw the king!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

joyfuladjectiveUS /ˈdʒɔɪfəl/

full of or producing joy

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading And he saw the king!

leafnounUS /liːf/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.

MERRYadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

NAPLESnounUS /ˈneɪpəlz/

a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

pairnounUS /per/

a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.

piercingadjectiveUS /ˈpɪrsɪŋ/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading As he looked beyond the girl, he met a piercing glance from a pair of brilliant blue eyes.

Rafael

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading And he saw the king!

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading And he saw the king!

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

twistedadjectiveUS /ˈtwɪstɪd/

having an intended meaning altered or misrepresented

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

VillanounUS /ˈvɪlə/

Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It happened upon an afternoon when all Rome, dressed in gayest costumes for one of the festivals, crowded into open carriages and drove out to the Villa Borghese.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the shade of a great tree, where a living spring bubbles up from the ground, Rafael twisted a leaf into a cup, which he filled with water and offered to Edith.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading MERRY NAPLES Rafael wrote his mother joyful accounts of those happy days in Rome.

Chapter 16 of Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald holds 94 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Rafael in Italy contain?

Chapter 16 holds 94 sentences of Rafael in Italy, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 94 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Rafael in Italy?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rafael in Italy

Common questions about reading Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rafael in Italy?

Yes. All 1337 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28765 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rafael in Italy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28765, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rafael in Italy take to read?

About 111 minutes of reading across 268 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rafael in Italy section by section

How to work through Rafael in Italy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Rafael in Italy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rafael in Italy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rafael in Italy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vocabulary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Phonetic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pronunciation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.