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Rafael in Italy
Rafael in Italy

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Rafael in Italy is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Rafael in Italy
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.
"The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.
Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.
From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.
"It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rafael in Italy

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Rafael in Italy is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.
Line 2
"The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.
Line 3
Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.
/ˌɔːlˈðoʊ ɪt wɑːz ðə læst wiːk ɪn dɪˈsembər ðə er wɑːz sɑːft ənd wɔːrm ənd ðə sʌn ʃoʊn wɪð ðə ˈbraɪtnəs ʌv ˈsʌmər/
Line 4
From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.
/frʌm ˈneɪpəlz tuː ðə fʊt ʌv maʊnt vəˈsuːviəs ðer wɑːz fɜːrst ə draɪv ʌv ˈsevrəl ˈaʊərz ˈæftər wɪtʃ ðeɪ went ʌp tuː ðə ˈkreɪtər ˈoʊvər æn ˌɪnˈklaɪnd ˈreɪlweɪ/
Line 5
"It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brightness noun US /ˈbraɪtnəs/

the location of a visual perception along a continuum from black to white

From this reading “Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.”

chasm noun US /ˈkæzəm/

a deep opening in the earth's surface

From this reading “"It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.”

crater noun US /ˈkreɪtər/

a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano

From this reading “From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.”

December noun US /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading “Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.”

Naples noun US /ˈneɪpəlz/

a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region

From this reading “From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.”

tickets noun US /ˈtɪkəts/

plural of “ticket” — a commercial document showing that the holder is entitled to something (as to ride on public transportation or to enter a public entertainment)

From this reading “"The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.”

underworld noun US /ˈʌndərwɜːrld/

the criminal class

From this reading “"It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.”

Vesuvius noun US /vəˈsuːviəs/

a volcano in southwestern Italy on the Mediterranean coast; a Plinian eruption in 79 AD buried Pompeii and killed Pliny the Elder; last erupted in 1944

From this reading “THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

brightnessnounUS /ˈbraɪtnəs/

the location of a visual perception along a continuum from black to white

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

BURIEDadjectiveUS /ˈberid/

placed in a grave

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

buyverbUS /baɪ/

obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

chasmnounUS /ˈkæzəm/

a deep opening in the earth's surface

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

CITYnounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

craternounUS /ˈkreɪtər/

a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

driveverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

Edith

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

entrancenounUS /ˈentrəns/

something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

holdsnounUS /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

inclinedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪnd/

(often followed by “to”) having a preference, disposition, or tendency

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

MtnounUS /maʊnt/

a radioactive transuranic element

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

mysterynounUS /ˈmɪstəri/

something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

NaplesnounUS /ˈneɪpəlz/

a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

plannedadjectiveUS /plænd/

designed or carried out according to a plan

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

positivelyadverbUS /ˈpɑːzətɪvli/

extremely

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

Rafael

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

railwaynounUS /ˈreɪlweɪ/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

sangnounUS /sæŋ/

North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

Sprague

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

starsnounUS /stɑːrz/

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

terrornounUS /ˈterər/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

ticketsnounUS /ˈtɪkəts/

plural of “ticket” — a commercial document showing that the holder is entitled to something (as to ride on public transportation or to enter a public entertainment)

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

to-morrow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

tripnounUS /trɪp/

a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

underworldnounUS /ˈʌndərwɜːrld/

the criminal class

From this reading "It is like looking at the entrance to the underworld," said Edith, as they looked down into the great chasm which holds so much mystery and terror; and she was glad to take the train back to the foot of the mountain.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

VesuviusnounUS /vəˈsuːviəs/

a volcano in southwestern Italy on the Mediterranean coast; a Plinian eruption in 79 AD buried Pompeii and killed Pliny the Elder; last erupted in 1944

From this reading THE BURIED CITY Edith and Rafael planned their trip to the top of Vesuvius for many days before the right morning finally arrived.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading From Naples to the foot of Mt. Vesuvius there was first a drive of several hours, after which they went up to the crater over an inclined railway.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "The right morning is a bright morning," sang Edith one evening as she looked out at the stars; "and to-morrow will bring a bright morning," she added, so positively that Mrs. Sprague sent Rafael to buy the tickets, in order that they might be ready for an early start.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Although it was the last week in December the air was soft and warm, and the sun shone with the brightness of summer.

Chapter 17 of Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald holds 72 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Rafael in Italy contain?

Chapter 17 holds 72 sentences of Rafael in Italy, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 72 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Rafael in Italy?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rafael in Italy

Common questions about reading Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rafael in Italy?

Yes. All 1337 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28765 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rafael in Italy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28765, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rafael in Italy take to read?

About 111 minutes of reading across 268 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rafael in Italy section by section

How to work through Rafael in Italy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Rafael in Italy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rafael in Italy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rafael in Italy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vocabulary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Phonetic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pronunciation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.