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Rafael in Italy
Rafael in Italy

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Rafael in Italy is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.
People who saw it never forgot the dreadful misery of the country at that time.
Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.
Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.
Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rafael in Italy

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Rafael in Italy is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.
Line 2
People who saw it never forgot the dreadful misery of the country at that time.
/ˈpiːpəl huː sɔː ɪt ˈnevər fərˈɡɑːt ðə ˈdredfəl ˈmɪzəri ʌv ðə ˈkʌntri æt ðæt taɪm/
Line 3
Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.
Line 4
Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.
/ˈbɑːksəz ənd ˈbʌndəlz ʌv ɔːl ˈsaɪzəz ənd ʃeɪps wɜːr paɪld haɪ ɑːn ðə wɔːrf ənd səˈplaɪz ʌv fuːd ənd ˈkloʊðɪŋ wɜːr ˈbiːɪŋ ˈhɜːrid tuː ðə ˈsʌfərɪŋ ˈsɪti/
Line 5
Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bundles noun US /ˈbʌndəlz/

plural of “bundle” — a collection of things wrapped or boxed together

From this reading “Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.”

earthquake noun US /ˈɜːrθkweɪk/

shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

From this reading “THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.”

frantic adjective US /ˈfræntɪk/

excessively agitated; distraught with fear or other violent emotion

From this reading “Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.”

Messina noun US /mɪˈsiːnə/

a port city in northeastern Sicily on the Strait of Messina

From this reading “THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.”

quay noun US /kiː/

wharf usually built parallel to the shoreline

From this reading “Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.”

sizes noun US /ˈsaɪzəz/

plural of “size” — the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading “Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.”

supplies noun US /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading “Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.”

wharf noun US /wɔːrf/

a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats

From this reading “Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

BoxesnounUS /ˈbɑːksəz/

plural of “box” — a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

bundlesnounUS /ˈbʌndəlz/

plural of “bundle” — a collection of things wrapped or boxed together

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

buriedadjectiveUS /ˈberid/

placed in a grave

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

clothingnounUS /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/

a covering designed to be worn on a person's body

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

confusionnounUS /kənˈfjuːʒən/

disorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading People who saw it never forgot the dreadful misery of the country at that time.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

desolateadjectiveUS /ˈdesələt/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

dreadfuladjectiveUS /ˈdredfəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading People who saw it never forgot the dreadful misery of the country at that time.

earthquakenounUS /ˈɜːrθkweɪk/

shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or from volcanic activity

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

Edith

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

everyonepronounUS /ˈevriwʌn/

every person

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

fillingnounUS /ˈfɪlɪŋ/

any material that fills a space or container

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

forgotverbUS /fərˈɡɑːt/

inflected form of “forget” — dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading People who saw it never forgot the dreadful misery of the country at that time.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

FOUNTAINnounUS /ˈfaʊntən/

a structure from which an artificially produced jet of water arises

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

franticadjectiveUS /ˈfræntɪk/

excessively agitated; distraught with fear or other violent emotion

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

gatherverbUS /ˈɡæðər/

assemble or get together

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

hurriedadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːrid/

moving rapidly or performed quickly or in great haste

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

indignationnounUS /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

a feeling of righteous anger

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

MAGICnounUS /ˈmædʒɪk/

any art that invokes supernatural powers

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

MessinanounUS /mɪˈsiːnə/

a port city in northeastern Sicily on the Strait of Messina

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

miserynounUS /ˈmɪzəri/

a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading People who saw it never forgot the dreadful misery of the country at that time.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading People who saw it never forgot the dreadful misery of the country at that time.

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

NewspapernounUS /ˈnuːzpeɪpər/

a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

PeoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading People who saw it never forgot the dreadful misery of the country at that time.

piledverbUS /paɪld/

past form of “pile” — arrange in stacks

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

Pompeiinoun

ancient city to the southeast of Naples that was buried by a volcanic eruption from Vesuvius

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

quaynounUS /kiː/

wharf usually built parallel to the shoreline

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

Rafael

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading People who saw it never forgot the dreadful misery of the country at that time.

shapesnounUS /ʃeɪps/

plural of “shape” — any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

sizesnounUS /ˈsaɪzəz/

plural of “size” — the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

sufferingnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

a state of acute pain

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

suppliesnounUS /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading People who saw it never forgot the dreadful misery of the country at that time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

tonguenounUS /tʌŋ/

a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

wakened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE MAGIC OF THE FOUNTAIN In the morning they wakened to find on every tongue the news of the terrible earthquake at Messina, and for many days it was Italy the desolate that filled their minds and kept their hands busy.

watchedverbUS /wɑːtʃt/

past form of “watch” — look attentively

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

wharfnounUS /wɔːrf/

a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats

From this reading Boxes and bundles of all sizes and shapes were piled high on the wharf, and supplies of food and clothing were being hurried to the suffering city.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Edith and Rafael stood silent, as when they had walked the streets of the buried city of Pompeii, and watched the confusion of vessels coming and going to the South.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading People who saw it never forgot the dreadful misery of the country at that time.

wishedverbUS /wɪʃt/

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Newspaper men, frantic to gather news which everyone wished to hear, hurried back and forth on the quay, filling Edith with indignation.

Chapter 18 of Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald holds 137 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Rafael in Italy contain?

Chapter 18 holds 137 sentences of Rafael in Italy, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 137 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Rafael in Italy?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Rafael in Italy

Common questions about reading Rafael in Italy by Etta Blaisdell McDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Rafael in Italy?

Yes. All 1337 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28765 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Rafael in Italy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28765, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Rafael in Italy take to read?

About 111 minutes of reading across 268 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Rafael in Italy section by section

How to work through Rafael in Italy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Rafael in Italy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rafael in Italy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rafael in Italy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Vocabulary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Phonetic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pronunciation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Rafael in Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.