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Ragna
Ragna

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Ragna is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
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Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.
Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.
Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.
Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.
His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ragna

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Ragna is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.
Line 2
Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.
/ˈedʒəkeɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈdʒeʒuːɪt ˈfɑːðərz spɔɪld baɪ æn ˌɪnˈdʌldʒənt ˈfæməli hiː nuː noʊ lɔː bʌt hɪz oʊn ˈpleʒər noʊ rɪˈstreɪnt bʌt ðæt ˌɪmˈpoʊzd baɪ ˈpɑːləsi ɔːr ˌɪŋkɑːntroʊˈvɜːrtɪbəl ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/
Line 3
Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.
/enˈdaʊd wɪð ə haɪ dɪˈɡriː ʌv ˈklev.ər.nəs ənd wɪð ə ˈdɑːmənənt ˌpɜːrsəˈnælɪti hiː wɑːz wʌn huː wʊd ənˈdaʊtɪdli moʊld hɪz sərˈaʊndɪŋz/
Line 4
Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.
/ʌv ˈmiːdiəm ˈstætʃər wɪð smɔːl hændz ənd fiːt ˈmʌskjələr ənd wel prəˈpɔːrʃənd hiː jet lækt ðə ˈkerləs ɡreɪs ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk ʌv hɪz ˈkʌntrimɪn/
Line 5
His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.
/hɪz hed wel set ɑːn brɔːd ˈʃoʊldərz hæd ə noʊˈbɪləti ʌv ˈmɑːdəlɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈfɔːrhed ˈkjʊriəsli bɪˈlaɪd baɪ ðə ˈsenʃəwəl maʊθ ənd ˈɑːbstənət tʃɪn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

belied verb US /bɪˈlaɪd/

past form of “belie” — be in contradiction with

From this reading “His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.”

civic adjective US /ˈsɪvɪk/

of or relating or belonging to a city

From this reading “Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.”

flaunting verb US /ˈflɔːntɪŋ/

-ing form of “flaunt” — display proudly; act ostentatiously or pretentiously

From this reading “Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.”

incontrovertible adjective US /ˌɪŋkɑːntroʊˈvɜːrtɪbəl/

impossible to deny or disprove

From this reading “Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.”

Jesuit noun US /ˈdʒeʒuːɪt/

a member of the Jesuit order

From this reading “Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.”

modelling noun US /ˈmɑːdəlɪŋ/

a preliminary sculpture in wax or clay from which a finished work can be copied

From this reading “His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.”

proportioned verb US /prəˈpɔːrʃənd/

past form of “proportion” — give pleasant proportions to

From this reading “Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.”

stirs noun US /stɜːrz/

plural of “stir” — a prominent or sensational but short-lived news event

From this reading “Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

high degree adjective + noun

In this reading “Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.”

less fortunate adverb + adjective

In this reading “Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.”

young man adjective + noun

a teenager or a young adult male

In this reading “Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.”

about thirty preposition + noun

In this reading “Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.”

conferred on verb + particle counted as “confer on”

In this reading “Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.”

belied by verb + particle counted as “belie by”

In this reading “His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.”

own pleasure verb + noun

In this reading “Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.”

set on verb + particle

attack someone physically or emotionally

In this reading “His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.

beliedverbUS /bɪˈlaɪd/

past form of “belie” — be in contradiction with

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

bosomnounUS /ˈbʊzəm/

the chest considered as the place where secret thoughts are kept

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

carelessadjectiveUS /ˈkerləs/

marked by lack of attention or consideration or forethought or thoroughness; not careful

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

characteristicnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

chinnounUS /tʃɪn/

the protruding part of the lower jaw

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

circumstancenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

CitynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

civicadjectiveUS /ˈsɪvɪk/

of or relating or belonging to a city

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

Civis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

clevernessnounUS /ˈklev.ər.nəs/

The quality of being intelligent, quick to understand, and resourceful in danger.

From this reading Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.

conferredverbUS /kənˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “confer” — have a conference in order to talk something over

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

countrymennounUS /ˈkʌntrimɪn/

plural of “countryman” — a man from your own country

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

curiouslyadverbUS /ˈkjʊriəsli/

in a manner differing from the usual or expected

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.

dominantadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːmənənt/

exercising influence or control

From this reading Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.

EducatedadjectiveUS /ˈedʒəkeɪtɪd/

possessing an education (especially having more than average knowledge)

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

Egidio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

EndowedadjectiveUS /enˈdaʊd/

provided or supplied or equipped with (especially as by inheritance or nature)

From this reading Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.

EternaladjectiveUS /ɪˈtɜːrnəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

FathersnounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

flauntingverbUS /ˈflɔːntɪŋ/

-ing form of “flaunt” — display proudly; act ostentatiously or pretentiously

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

foreheadnounUS /ˈfɔːrhed/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

fortunateadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/

having unexpected good fortune

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

imposedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpoʊzd/

set forth authoritatively as obligatory

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

incontrovertibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪŋkɑːntroʊˈvɜːrtɪbəl/

impossible to deny or disprove

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

indulgentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒənt/

characterized by or given to yielding to the wishes of someone

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

JesuitnounUS /ˈdʒeʒuːɪt/

a member of the Jesuit order

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

lackedverbUS /lækt/

past form of “lack” — be without

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

mediumnounUS /ˈmiːdiəm/

a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

modellingnounUS /ˈmɑːdəlɪŋ/

a preliminary sculpture in wax or clay from which a finished work can be copied

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

mortalsnounUS /ˈmɔːrtəlz/

plural of “mortal” — a human being

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

mouldverbUS /moʊld/

form in clay, wax, etc

From this reading Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

muscularadjectiveUS /ˈmʌskjələr/

of or relating to or consisting of muscle

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

nobilitynounUS /noʊˈbɪləti/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

obstinateadjectiveUS /ˈɑːbstənət/

tenaciously unwilling or marked by tenacious unwillingness to yield

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

personalitynounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈnælɪti/

the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual

From this reading Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

policynounUS /ˈpɑːləsi/

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

proportionedverbUS /prəˈpɔːrʃənd/

past form of “proportion” — give pleasant proportions to

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

restraintnounUS /rɪˈstreɪnt/

the act of controlling by restraining someone or something

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

Romanus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

sensualadjectiveUS /ˈsenʃəwəl/

marked by the appetites and passions of the body

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading His head, well set on broad shoulders had a nobility of modelling about the forehead curiously belied by the sensual mouth and obstinate chin.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

spoiledadjectiveUS /spɔɪld/

having the character or disposition harmed by pampering or oversolicitous attention

From this reading Educated by the Jesuit Fathers, spoiled by an indulgent family, he knew no law but his own pleasure, no restraint but that imposed by policy or incontrovertible circumstance.

staturenounUS /ˈstætʃər/

high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

stirsnounUS /stɜːrz/

plural of “stir” — a prominent or sensational but short-lived news event

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

sumnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

superioritynounUS /ˌsuːpɪriˈɔːrɪti/

the quality of being superior

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

surroundingsnounUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋz/

the environmental condition

From this reading Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

undoubtedlyadverbUS /ənˈdaʊtɪdli/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.

Valentini

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Endowed with a high degree of cleverness, and with a dominant personality, he was one who would undoubtedly mould his surroundings.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Of medium stature with small hands and feet, muscular and well proportioned, he yet lacked the careless grace characteristic of his countrymen.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Egidio Valentini was a young man of about thirty, a Roman born, full of the civic pride that even now stirs the bosom of those who can say: "_Civis Romanus sum_"--flaunting the superiority conferred on her children by the Eternal City, in the face of less fortunate mortals.

Chapter 18 of Ragna by Anna Miller Costantini holds 93 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Ragna contain?

Chapter 18 holds 93 sentences of Ragna, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Ragna by Anna Miller Costantini exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 93 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Ragna?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ragna

Common questions about reading Ragna by Anna Miller Costantini on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ragna?

Yes. All 5694 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41863 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ragna is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41863, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ragna take to read?

About 474 minutes of reading across 1139 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ragna section by section

How to work through Ragna section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of Ragna to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ragna

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ragna, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sturgis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ragna; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Walton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ragna; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ragna; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Electrotyped
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ragna; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.