Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Ragna
Ragna

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Ragna is here in full — 240 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Ragna
Context Illustration Reading 1/48 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.
The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.
In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.
The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.
Flies droned in the stillness and the girl fanned herself languidly.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ragna

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Ragna is here in full — 240 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/48 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.
Line 2
The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.
Line 3
In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.
Line 4
The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.
Line 5
Flies droned in the stillness and the girl fanned herself languidly.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

droned verb US /droʊnd/

past form of “drone” — make a monotonous low dull sound

From this reading “Flies droned in the stillness and the girl fanned herself languidly.”

extinguish verb US /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

put an end to; kill

From this reading “The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.”

firemen noun US /ˈfaɪrmən/

plural of “fireman” — play in which children pretend to put out a fire

From this reading “The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.”

melon noun US /ˈmelən/

any of numerous fruits of the gourd family having a hard rind and sweet juicy flesh

From this reading “The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.”

simulated adjective US /ˈsɪmjəleɪtɪd/

not genuine or real; being an imitation of the genuine article

From this reading “The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.”

vendor noun US /ˈvendər/

someone who promotes or exchanges goods or services for money

From this reading “The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.”

vibrating verb US /ˈvaɪbreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “vibrate” — shake, quiver, or throb; move back and forth rapidly, usually in an uncontrolled manner

From this reading “The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.”

watermelons noun US /ˈwɔːtərmelənz/

plural of “watermelon” — an African melon

From this reading “The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

shady corner adjective + noun

In this reading “In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.”

nearly touched adverb + adjective

In this reading “The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.”

set up verb + adjective

set up or found

In this reading “In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.”

in comparison preposition + noun

In this reading “The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.”

at the window preposition + article + noun counted as “at … window”

In this reading “Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.”

in the garden preposition + article + noun counted as “in … garden”

In this reading “The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.

acquaiolo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

apartmentnounUS /əˈpɑːrtmənt/

a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.

beatingnounUS /ˈbiːtɪŋ/

the act of overcoming or outdoing

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

bottlesnounUS /ˈbɑːtəlz/

plural of “bottle” — a glass or plastic vessel used for storing drinks or other liquids; typically cylindrical without handles and with a narrow neck that can be plugged or capped

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

chaffing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

colouredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌlərd/

having color or a certain color; sometimes used in combination

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

comparisonnounUS /kəmˈperəsən/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

cornernounUS /ˈkɔːrnər/

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

dronedverbUS /droʊnd/

past form of “drone” — make a monotonous low dull sound

From this reading Flies droned in the stillness and the girl fanned herself languidly.

dusknounUS /dʌsk/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

extinguishverbUS /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

put an end to; kill

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

facchino

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

fannedadjectiveUS /fænd/

especially spread in a fan shape

From this reading Flies droned in the stillness and the girl fanned herself languidly.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

firemennounUS /ˈfaɪrmən/

plural of “fireman” — play in which children pretend to put out a fire

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

FliesnounUS /flaɪz/

(theater) the space over the stage (out of view of the audience) used to store scenery (drop curtains)

From this reading Flies droned in the stillness and the girl fanned herself languidly.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

gayadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading Flies droned in the stillness and the girl fanned herself languidly.

glarenounUS /ɡler/

a light within the field of vision that is brighter than the brightness to which the eyes are adapted

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

glassnounUS /ɡlæs/

a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

glassesnounUS /ˈɡlæsəz/

(plural) optical instrument consisting of a frame that holds a pair of lenses for correcting defective vision

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

gloriousadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

gratefuladjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtfəl/

feeling or showing gratitude

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Flies droned in the stillness and the girl fanned herself languidly.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

languidlyadverb

in a languid and lethargic manner

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

lemonadenounUS /ˈleməˈneɪd/

sweetened beverage of diluted lemon juice

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.

luridadjectiveUS /ˈlʊrəd/

horrible in fierceness or savagery

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

melonnounUS /ˈmelən/

any of numerous fruits of the gourd family having a hard rind and sweet juicy flesh

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

overlookingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊvərlʊkɪŋ/

used of a height or viewpoint

From this reading Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.

palmsnounUS /pɑːmz/

plural of “palm” — the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

PiazzanounUS /piˈæzə/

a public square with room for pedestrians

From this reading Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.

pitilesslyadverb

without pity; in a merciless manner

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

Ragna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

refreshverbUS /rɪˈfreʃ/

refresh one's memory

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

refreshingadjectiveUS /rɪˈfreʃɪŋ/

imparting vitality and energy

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

rushingnounUS /ˈrʌʃɪŋ/

(American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

shadyadjectiveUS /ˈʃeɪdi/

quiet, dark, or concealed

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

shuttersnounUS /ˈʃʌtərz/

plural of “shutter” — a mechanical device on a camera that opens and closes to control the time of a photographic exposure

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

signnounUS /saɪn/

a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

simulatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmjəleɪtɪd/

not genuine or real; being an imitation of the genuine article

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

Spirito

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

stillnessnounUS /ˈstɪlnəs/

(poetic) tranquil silence

From this reading Flies droned in the stillness and the girl fanned herself languidly.

stuntedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌntɪd/

inferior in size or quality

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

sunshinenounUS /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

the rays of the sun

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

vendornounUS /ˈvendər/

someone who promotes or exchanges goods or services for money

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

VenetiannounUS /vəˈniːʃən/

a resident of Venice

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

vibratingverbUS /ˈvaɪbreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “vibrate” — shake, quiver, or throb; move back and forth rapidly, usually in an uncontrolled manner

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

water-seller

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

watermelonsnounUS /ˈwɔːtərmelənz/

plural of “watermelon” — an African melon

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading The day was hot and the green Venetian shutters left the room in a refreshing dusk very grateful in comparison to the glare of sunshine outside, beating pitilessly on the light walls of the houses across the square and vibrating in waves of heat over the stunted palms in the garden below.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The vendor of watermelons, whose stand nearly touched that of the acquaiolo, had gone to sleep under his lurid sign of firemen rushing to extinguish the fire simulated by a glorious red melon the size of a house.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading Ragna sat at the window of a little apartment overlooking the Piazza S. Spirito.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In a shady corner a water-seller who had set up his little stand, gay with bottles and coloured glasses and was languidly chaffing a _facchino_ who had come to refresh himself with a glass of lemonade.

Chapter 21 of Ragna by Anna Miller Costantini holds 240 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Ragna contain?

Chapter 21 holds 240 sentences of Ragna, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Ragna by Anna Miller Costantini exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 240 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Ragna?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ragna

Common questions about reading Ragna by Anna Miller Costantini on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ragna?

Yes. All 5694 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41863 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ragna is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41863, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ragna take to read?

About 474 minutes of reading across 1139 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ragna section by section

How to work through Ragna section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of Ragna to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ragna

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ragna, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sturgis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ragna; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Walton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ragna; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ragna; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Electrotyped
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ragna; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.