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Ralph Clavering
Ralph Clavering

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Ralph Clavering is here in full — 416 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Ralph Clavering
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Ralph Clavering, by W.H.G. Kingston.
________________________________________________________________________ RALPH CLAVERING, BY W.H.G. KINGSTON.
CHAPTER ONE.
A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.
The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ralph Clavering

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Ralph Clavering is here in full — 416 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Ralph Clavering, by W.H.G. Kingston.
Line 2
________________________________________________________________________ RALPH CLAVERING, BY W.H.G. KINGSTON.
Line 3
CHAPTER ONE.
/ˈtʃæptər wʌn/
Line 4
A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.
/ə jʌŋ ɡɜːrl drest ɪn ə kloʊk ənd hæt ənd ˈlʊkɪŋ sæd ənd ˈsʌmˈwʌt ˈtɪmɪd stʊd ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ʌv ðə lɑːrdʒ hɔːl ʌv ə faɪn oʊld ˈkʌntri haʊs/
Line 5
The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Kingston noun US /ˈkɪŋstən/

a town on the Hudson River in New York

From this reading “Ralph Clavering, by W.H.G. Kingston.”

knights noun US /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading “The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.”

oak noun US /oʊk/

the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading “The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.”

portraits noun US /ˈpɔːrtrəts/

plural of “portrait” — a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading “The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.”

prim verb US /prɪm/

assume a prim appearance

From this reading “The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.”

suits noun US /suːts/

plural of “suit” — a set of garments (usually including a jacket and trousers or skirt) for outerwear all of the same fabric and color

From this reading “The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.”

timid adjective US /ˈtɪmɪd/

showing fear and lack of confidence

From this reading “A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.”

wigs noun US /wɪɡz/

plural of “wig” — hairpiece covering the head and made of real or synthetic hair

From this reading “The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

young girl adjective + noun

a girl or young woman who is unmarried

In this reading “A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.”

in the middle preposition + article + noun counted as “in … middle”

In this reading “A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.”

dark oak noun + noun

In this reading “The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.”

large hall adjective + noun

In this reading “A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.”

hung down verb + adjective counted as “hang down”

In this reading “The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.”

country house noun + noun

a house (usually large and impressive) on an estate in the country

In this reading “A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.”

old country adjective + noun

the country of origin of an immigrant

In this reading “A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

bagnounUS /bæɡ/

a flexible container with a single opening

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Ralph Clavering, by W.H.G. Kingston.

CHAPTERnounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading CHAPTER ONE.

Clavering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ralph Clavering, by W.H.G. Kingston.

cloaknounUS /kloʊk/

anything that covers or conceals

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

full-lengthadjective

representing or accommodating the entire length

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

GnounUS /dʒiː/

a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram

From this reading Ralph Clavering, by W.H.G. Kingston.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

grimadjectiveUS /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

HnounUS /eɪtʃ/

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading Ralph Clavering, by W.H.G. Kingston.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

KingstonnounUS /ˈkɪŋstən/

a town on the Hudson River in New York

From this reading Ralph Clavering, by W.H.G. Kingston.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

oaknounUS /oʊk/

the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

ONEpronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading CHAPTER ONE.

portraitsnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrəts/

plural of “portrait” — a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

primverbUS /prɪm/

assume a prim appearance

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

Ralph

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ralph Clavering, by W.H.G. Kingston.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

sternadjectiveUS /stɜːrn/

of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

suitsnounUS /suːts/

plural of “suit” — a set of garments (usually including a jacket and trousers or skirt) for outerwear all of the same fabric and color

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

timidadjectiveUS /ˈtɪmɪd/

showing fear and lack of confidence

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading Ralph Clavering, by W.H.G. Kingston.

wainscotingnoun

a wainscoted wall (or wainscoted walls collectively)

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

wigsnounUS /wɪɡz/

plural of “wig” — hairpiece covering the head and made of real or synthetic hair

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The floor was of oak, and the walls were covered with dark oak wainscoting, from which hung down several full-length portraits of grim old knights and gentlemen in bag wigs, and ladies in court suits, looking very prim and stern.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading A young girl dressed in a cloak and hat, and looking sad and somewhat timid, stood in the middle of the large hall of a fine old country house.

Chapter 1 of Ralph Clavering by William Henry Giles Kingston holds 416 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Ralph Clavering contain?

Chapter 1 holds 416 sentences of Ralph Clavering, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Ralph Clavering by William Henry Giles Kingston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 416 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Ralph Clavering?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ralph Clavering

Common questions about reading Ralph Clavering by William Henry Giles Kingston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ralph Clavering?

Yes. All 824 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34491 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ralph Clavering is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34491, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ralph Clavering take to read?

About 68 minutes of reading across 165 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ralph Clavering section by section

How to work through Ralph Clavering section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of Ralph Clavering to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ralph Clavering

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ralph Clavering, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ralph
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ralph Clavering; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clavering
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ralph Clavering; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kingston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ralph Clavering; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chapter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ralph Clavering; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.