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Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, during the Year
Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, during the Year

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, during the Year is here in full — 27 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
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Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.
Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.
At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.
In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.
Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, during the Year

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, during the Year is here in full — 27 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.
Line 2
Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.
Line 3
At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.
/æt ðɪs pɔɪnt wiː wɜːr ˈstɑːrtəld baɪ ðə ˈhɑːloʊ tred ʌv ˈaʊər fiːt kɑːzd baɪ ðə prɑːkˈsɪməti ʌv əˈnʌðər lɑːrdʒ ˈævənuː ˌʌndərˈniːθ wɪtʃ ðə ɡaɪd əˈʃʊrd ʌs hiː hæd ˈɔːfən ˈvɪzɪtɪd/
Line 4
In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.
Line 5
Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Elephant's noun US /ˈeləfənts/

possessive form of “elephant” — five-toed pachyderm

From this reading “Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.”

explorations noun US /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “exploration” — to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading “Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.”

forger noun US /ˈfɔːrdʒər/

someone who operates a forge

From this reading “Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.”

Salts noun US /sɔːlts/

plural of “salt” — a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal)

From this reading “Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.”

stalagmite noun US /ˈstæləɡmaɪt/

a cylinder of calcium carbonate projecting upward from the floor of a limestone cave

From this reading “Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.”

tolls noun US /toʊlz/

plural of “toll” — a fee levied for the use of roads or bridges (used for maintenance)

From this reading “In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.”

translucent adjective US /trænˈsluːsənt/

allowing light to pass through diffusely

From this reading “Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.”

Vulcan's noun US /ˈvʌlkənz/

possessive form of “vulcan” — (Roman mythology) god of fire and metal working; counterpart of Greek Hephaestus

From this reading “Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.”

All words in this reading · 127

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

Annetti's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

Arm-Chair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

assuredadjectiveUS /əˈʃʊrd/

marked by assurance; exhibiting confidence

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

avenuenounUS /ˈævənuː/

a line of approach

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

begrimedadjective

thickly covered with ingrained dirt or soot

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

BellnounUS /bel/

a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

boltsnounUS /boʊlts/

plural of “bolt” — a discharge of lightning accompanied by thunder

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

BowernounUS /ˈbaʊər/

a framework that supports climbing plants

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

cathedralnounUS /kəˈθiːdrəl/

any large and important church

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

CavenounUS /keɪv/

a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

ceilingnounUS /ˈsiːlɪŋ/

the overhead upper surface of a covered space

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

ChapelnounUS /ˈtʃæpəl/

a place of worship that has its own altar

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

cindersnounUS /ˈsɪndərz/

plural of “cinder” — a fragment of incombustible matter left after a wood or coal or charcoal fire

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

coloredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌlərd/

having color or a certain color; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

Devil'snounUS /ˈdevəlz/

possessive form of “devil” — (Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

DomenounUS /doʊm/

a concave shape whose distinguishing characteristic is that the concavity faces downward

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

Elephant'snounUS /ˈeləfənts/

possessive form of “elephant” — five-toed pachyderm

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

explorationsnounUS /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “exploration” — to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

forgernounUS /ˈfɔːrdʒər/

someone who operates a forge

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

FurnacenounUS /ˈfɜːrnəs/

an enclosed chamber in which heat is produced to heat buildings, destroy refuse, smelt or refine ores, etc.

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

FurtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

GothicadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

guidenounUS /ɡaɪd/

someone employed to conduct others

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

HallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

HeadnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

heapnounUS /hiːp/

a collection of objects laid on top of each other

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

hollowadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːloʊ/

not solid; having a space or gap or cavity

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

LeapnounUS /liːp/

a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

Louisa's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

Lover'snounUS /ˈlʌvərz/

possessive form of “lover” — a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

Napoleon'snounUS /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

neighborhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

PhiladelphianounUS /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

PillarsnounUS /ˈpɪlərz/

plural of “pillar” — a fundamental principle or practice

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

proximitynounUS /prɑːkˈsɪməti/

the property of being close together

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

reachingnounUS /ˈriːtʃɪŋ/

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

RegisterverbUS /ˈredʒɪstər/

record in writing; enter into a book of names or events or transactions

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

ResumingverbUS /rɪˈzuːmɪŋ/

-ing form of “resume” — take up or begin anew

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

RoomsnounUS /ruːmz/

apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel)

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

SaltsnounUS /sɔːlts/

plural of “salt” — a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal)

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

slakeverb

satisfy

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

soundedverbUS /ˈsaʊndɪd/

past form of “sound” — appear in a certain way

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

Stalactites

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

StalagmitenounUS /ˈstæləɡmaɪt/

a cylinder of calcium carbonate projecting upward from the floor of a limestone cave

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

startledadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtəld/

excited by sudden surprise or alarm and making a quick involuntary movement

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

tollsnounUS /toʊlz/

plural of “toll” — a fee levied for the use of roads or bridges (used for maintenance)

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

translucentadjectiveUS /trænˈsluːsənt/

allowing light to pass through diffusely

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

treadverbUS /tred/

put down or press the foot, place the foot

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

twainnounUS /tweɪn/

two items of the same kind

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

underneathprepositionUS /ˌʌndərˈniːθ/

directly under, often hidden by what is above

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

unlikeadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪk/

marked by dissimilarity

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

visitedverbUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/

past form of “visit” — go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

visiter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

Vulcan'snounUS /ˈvʌlkənz/

possessive form of “vulcan” — (Roman mythology) god of fire and metal working; counterpart of Greek Hephaestus

From this reading Stalagmite Pillars--The Bell--Vulcan's Furnace--Register Rooms-- Stalagmite Hall or Gothic Chapel--Devil's Arm-Chair--Elephant's Head--Lover's Leap--Napoleon's Dome--Salts Cave--Annetti's Dome.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Further on our way, we passed Louisa's Bower and Vulcan's Furnace, where there is a heap, not unlike cinders in appearance, and some dark colored water, in which I suppose the great forger used to slake his iron and perhaps his bolts.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading At this point we were startled by the hollow tread of our feet, caused by the proximity of another large avenue underneath, which the guide assured us he had often visited.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Resuming our explorations in this most interesting avenue, we soon came in sight of stalagmite pillars, reaching from the floor to the ceiling, once perhaps white and translucent, but now black and begrimed with smoke.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading In this neighborhood too, there are a number of Stalactites, one of which was called the Bell, which on being struck, sounded like the deep bell of a cathedral; but it now no longer tolls, having been broken in twain by a visiter from Philadelphia some years ago.

Chapter 4 of Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, during the Year by Alexander Clark Bullitt holds 27 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, during the Year contain?

Chapter 4 holds 27 sentences of Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, during the Year, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, during the Year by Alexander Clark Bullitt exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 27 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, during the Year?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, during the Year by Alexander Clark Bullitt on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Vocabulary met early in Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, during the Year

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, during the Year, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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