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Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood
Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood is here in full — 356 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood
Context Illustration Reading 1/71 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!
All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.
Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.
Not a glimmer shone from the windows.
"Nobody lives _there_, father," I said,--"surely?"
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood is here in full — 356 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/71 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!
Line 2
All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.
Line 3
Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.
/ˈiːvɪn ɑːn ðə ˈwɪndwərd wɔːlz ˈevəri ˈlɪtəl ˈrʌfnəs səˈsteɪnd ɪts oʊn ˈfroʊzən pætʃ soʊ ðæt ðer ɡreɪ wɑːz ˈspɑːtɪd ɔːl ˈoʊvər wɪð ˈwaɪtnəs/
Line 4
Not a glimmer shone from the windows.
/nɑːt ə ˈɡlɪmər ʃoʊn frʌm ðə ˈwɪndoʊz/
Line 5
"Nobody lives _there_, father," I said,--"surely?"

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

glimmer noun US /ˈɡlɪmər/

a flash of light (especially reflected light)

From this reading “Not a glimmer shone from the windows.”

ledges noun US /ˈledʒɪz/

plural of “ledge” — a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water

From this reading “All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.”

roughness noun US /ˈrʌfnəs/

a texture of a surface or edge that is not smooth but is irregular and uneven

From this reading “Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.”

spotted adjective US /ˈspɑːtɪd/

having spots or patches (small areas of contrasting color or texture)

From this reading “Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.”

sustained adjective US /səˈsteɪnd/

maintained at length without interruption or weakening

From this reading “Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.”

turrets noun US /ˈtɜːrəts/

plural of “turret” — a small tower extending above a building

From this reading “All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.”

whiteness noun US /ˈwaɪtnəs/

the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black)

From this reading “Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.”

windward noun US /ˈwɪndwərd/

the direction from which the wind is coming

From this reading “Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Not a glimmer shone from the windows.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

approachedverbUS /əˈproʊtʃt/

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

drearyadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪri/

lacking in liveliness or charm or surprise

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading "Nobody lives _there_, father," I said,--"surely?"

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

frozenadjectiveUS /ˈfroʊzən/

turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

gatheringnounUS /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/

a group of persons together in one place

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

glimmernounUS /ˈɡlɪmər/

a flash of light (especially reflected light)

From this reading Not a glimmer shone from the windows.

greyadjectiveUS /ɡreɪ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "Nobody lives _there_, father," I said,--"surely?"

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

ledgesnounUS /ˈledʒɪz/

plural of “ledge” — a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading "Nobody lives _there_, father," I said,--"surely?"

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

NobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading "Nobody lives _there_, father," I said,--"surely?"

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not a glimmer shone from the windows.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

patchnounUS /pætʃ/

a small contrasting part of something

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

Peat-Stack

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

restedadjectiveUS /ˈrestəd/

not tired; refreshed as by sleeping or relaxing

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

roofsnounUS /ruːfs/

plural of “roof” — a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

roughnessnounUS /ˈrʌfnəs/

a texture of a surface or edge that is not smooth but is irregular and uneven

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Nobody lives _there_, father," I said,--"surely?"

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading Not a glimmer shone from the windows.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

spottedadjectiveUS /ˈspɑːtɪd/

having spots or patches (small areas of contrasting color or texture)

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

surelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading "Nobody lives _there_, father," I said,--"surely?"

sustainedadjectiveUS /səˈsteɪnd/

maintained at length without interruption or weakening

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading "Nobody lives _there_, father," I said,--"surely?"

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

turretsnounUS /ˈtɜːrəts/

plural of “turret” — a small tower extending above a building

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The Peat-Stack How dreary the old house looked as we approached it through the gathering darkness!

whereverconjunctionUS /weˈrevər/

in or to any place at all

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

whitenessnounUS /ˈwaɪtnəs/

the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black)

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading All the light appeared to come from the snow which rested wherever it could lie--on roofs and window ledges and turrets.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading Not a glimmer shone from the windows.

windwardnounUS /ˈwɪndwərd/

the direction from which the wind is coming

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Even on the windward walls, every little roughness sustained its own frozen patch, so that their grey was spotted all over with whiteness.

Chapter 31 of Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood by George MacDonald holds 356 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood contain?

Chapter 31 holds 356 sentences of Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood, unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood by George MacDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 356 sentences, grouped into 72 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood?

Work through the 72 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 72 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood

Common questions about reading Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood by George MacDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood?

Yes. All 3967 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9301 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9301, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood take to read?

About 330 minutes of reading across 794 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood section by section

How to work through Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Better
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Readers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Began
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.