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Rebels and Reformers
Rebels and Reformers

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Rebels and Reformers is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.
A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.
It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.
Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.
Voltaire’s hatred of injustice had always been strong.
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Rebels and Reformers

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Rebels and Reformers is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.
/nɔːr wɑːz ðə keɪs ʌv ˈkæləz ðə ˈoʊnli wʌn ɪn wɪtʃ hiː tʊk æn ˈæktɪv ˈɪntrəst/
Line 2
A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.
Line 3
It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.
Line 4
Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.
Line 5
Voltaire’s hatred of injustice had always been strong.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Callas noun US /ˈkæləz/

Greek coloratura soprano (born in the United States) known for her dramatic intensity in operatic roles (1923-1977)

From this reading “Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.”

falsely adverb US /ˈfɔːlsli/

in an insincerely false manner

From this reading “Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.”

galleys noun US /ˈɡæliz/

plural of “galley” — a large medieval vessel with a single deck propelled by sails and oars with guns at stern and prow; a complement of 1,000 men; used mainly in the Mediterranean for war and trading

From this reading “Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.”

murdering verb US /ˈmɜːrdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “murder” — kill intentionally and with premeditation

From this reading “Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.”

persecuted verb US /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtɪd/

past form of “persecute” — cause to suffer

From this reading “A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.”

retried verb US /riˈtraɪd/

inflected form of “retry” — hear or try a court case anew

From this reading “It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.”

sentenced verb US /ˈsentənst/

past form of “sentence” — pronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law

From this reading “Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.”

Voltaire noun US /voʊlˈter/

French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)

From this reading “It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

nine years noun + noun

In this reading “It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.”

similar fate adjective + noun

In this reading “A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.”

active interest adjective + noun

In this reading “Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.”

same way adjective + noun

In this reading “A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

accusednounUS /əˈkjuːzd/

a defendant in a criminal proceeding

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Voltaire’s hatred of injustice had always been strong.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

Barre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Voltaire’s hatred of injustice had always been strong.

CallasnounUS /ˈkæləz/

Greek coloratura soprano (born in the United States) known for her dramatic intensity in operatic roles (1923-1977)

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

declaredadjectiveUS /dɪˈklerd/

made known or openly avowed

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

escapedadjectiveUS /ɪˈskeɪpt/

having escaped, especially from confinement

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

Espinasse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

falselyadverbUS /ˈfɔːlsli/

in an insincerely false manner

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

FurtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

galleysnounUS /ˈɡæliz/

plural of “galley” — a large medieval vessel with a single deck propelled by sails and oars with guns at stern and prow; a complement of 1,000 men; used mainly in the Mediterranean for war and trading

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

hatrednounUS /ˈheɪtrəd/

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading Voltaire’s hatred of injustice had always been strong.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

injusticenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/

an unjust act

From this reading Voltaire’s hatred of injustice had always been strong.

innocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

LanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

Montbailli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

murderingverbUS /ˈmɜːrdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “murder” — kill intentionally and with premeditation

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

ninenounUS /naɪn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

persecutedverbUS /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtɪd/

past form of “persecute” — cause to suffer

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

persecutionnounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈkjuːʃən/

the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

ProtestantnounUS /ˈprɑːtəstənt/

an adherent of Protestantism

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

retriedverbUS /riˈtraɪd/

inflected form of “retry” — hear or try a court case anew

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

sentencedverbUS /ˈsentənst/

past form of “sentence” — pronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

seventy-sevenadjective

being seven more than seventy

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

Sirven

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Voltaire’s hatred of injustice had always been strong.

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

suppernounUS /ˈsʌpər/

a light evening meal; served in early evening if dinner is at midday or served late in the evening at bedtime

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

victimsnounUS /ˈvɪktəmz/

plural of “victim” — an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

VoltairenounUS /voʊlˈter/

French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

Voltaire's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Voltaire’s hatred of injustice had always been strong.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Nor was the case of Callas the only one in which he took an active interest.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Further, there was the case of Espinasse, who was sentenced to the galleys for giving supper and a bed to a Protestant minister; of Montbailli, who was falsely accused of murdering his mother; of La Barre; and several others, who for one reason or another were victims of persecution.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading A man called Sirven was persecuted in much the same way, and would have suffered a similar fate had he not escaped.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It took nine years for justice to be done this time, and Voltaire was seventy-seven when the case was retried and the accused declared innocent.

Chapter 5 of Rebels and Reformers by Arthur Ponsonby, Baron Ponsonby holds 412 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Rebels and Reformers contain?

Chapter 5 holds 412 sentences of Rebels and Reformers, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Rebels and Reformers by Arthur Ponsonby, Baron Ponsonby exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 412 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Rebels and Reformers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Rebels and Reformers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Rebels and Reformers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Rebels and Reformers, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Rebels and Reformers, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Rebels and Reformers, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.