used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
from one side of something to the other
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
one more of the same kind, or a different one
From this reading These States quarreled with one another, and in many of them the people suffered from bad government.
areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading We are here concerned only with the case of Italy.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading What we know now as the kingdom of Italy was formerly divided up into many separate States.
AustrianounUS /ˈɔːstriə/
a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
AustriansnounUS /ˈɔːstriənz/
plural of “austrian” — a native or inhabitant of Austria
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
having undesirable or negative qualities
From this reading These States quarreled with one another, and in many of them the people suffered from bad government.
used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
bootnounUS /buːt/
footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
an occurrence of something
From this reading We are here concerned only with the case of Italy.
feeling or showing worry or solicitude
From this reading We are here concerned only with the case of Italy.
a politically organized body of people under a single government
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
separated into parts or pieces
From this reading What we know now as the kingdom of Italy was formerly divided up into many separate States.
compelled forcibly by an outside agency
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
DukesnounUS /duːks/
plural of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
having or given a form or shape
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/
at a previous time
From this reading What we know now as the kingdom of Italy was formerly divided up into many separate States.
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading These States quarreled with one another, and in many of them the people suffered from bad government.
the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit
From this reading These States quarreled with one another, and in many of them the people suffered from bad government.
in a gradual manner
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is
From this reading We are here concerned only with the case of Italy.
the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/
moving to the inside of something
From this reading What we know now as the kingdom of Italy was formerly divided up into many separate States.
a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD
From this reading We are here concerned only with the case of Italy.
a domain in which something is dominant
From this reading What we know now as the kingdom of Italy was formerly divided up into many separate States.
be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about
From this reading What we know now as the kingdom of Italy was formerly divided up into many separate States.
Lombardynoun
a region of north central Italy bordering Switzerland
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
move something or somebody to a lower position
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number
From this reading What we know now as the kingdom of Italy was formerly divided up into many separate States.
an area that is approximately central within some larger region
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
Modena
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
NaplesnounUS /ˈneɪpəlz/
a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events
From this reading What we know now as the kingdom of Italy was formerly divided up into many separate States.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading We are here concerned only with the case of Italy.
used to mean any person in general, including the speaker
From this reading These States quarreled with one another, and in many of them the people suffered from bad government.
and nothing more
From this reading We are here concerned only with the case of Italy.
not allowed to continue to bat or run
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/
above and across; more than
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
PapaladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪpəl/
proceeding from or ordered by or subject to a pope or the papacy regarded as the successor of the Apostles
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
Parma
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
something determined in relation to something that includes it
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively
From this reading These States quarreled with one another, and in many of them the people suffered from bad government.
PiedmontnounUS /ˈpiːdmɑːnt/
the plateau between the coastal plain and the Appalachian Mountains: parts of Virginia and North and South Carolina and Georgia and Alabama
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
PopenounUS /poʊp/
the head of the Roman Catholic Church
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
provincesnounUS /ˈprɑːvənsəz/
plural of “province” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
quarreledverbUS /ˈkwɔːrəld/
past form of “quarrel” — have a disagreement over something
From this reading These States quarreled with one another, and in many of them the people suffered from bad government.
ruledadjectiveUS /ruːld/
subject to a ruling authority
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
SardinianounUS /sɑːrˈdiːniə/
the Italian region on the island of Sardinia; the kingdom of Sardinia was the nucleus for uniting Italy during the 19th century
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
act as a barrier between; stand between
From this reading What we know now as the kingdom of Italy was formerly divided up into many separate States.
Sicilies
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
SicilynounUS /ˈsɪsəli/
the Italian region on the island of Sicily
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation
From this reading What we know now as the kingdom of Italy was formerly divided up into many separate States.
(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to
From this reading These States quarreled with one another, and in many of them the people suffered from bad government.
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading We are here concerned only with the case of Italy.
the people or things already mentioned, as the object
From this reading These States quarreled with one another, and in many of them the people suffered from bad government.
in or at that place or location
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned
From this reading These States quarreled with one another, and in many of them the people suffered from bad government.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
TuscanynounUS /ˈtʌskəni/
a region in central Italy
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
unitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/
characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity
From this reading Gradually the idea grew that the Austrians must be driven out and a united Italy established—one country ruled by one Government.
being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level
From this reading What we know now as the kingdom of Italy was formerly divided up into many separate States.
VenicenounUS /ˈvenəs/
the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading What we know now as the kingdom of Italy was formerly divided up into many separate States.
the speaker together with one or more other people
From this reading We are here concerned only with the case of Italy.
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/
the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
used to ask for information about something
From this reading What we know now as the kingdom of Italy was formerly divided up into many separate States.
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading In the north the provinces of Lombardy and Venice belonged to Austria; Piedmont and the island of Sardinia formed the kingdom of Sardinia; there were Grand Dukes of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany; the Pope ruled over the Papal States, which stretched across the middle of Italy; and the lower part of the boot and the island of Sicily formed the kingdom of Naples and the two Sicilies.
in the company of; together with
From this reading We are here concerned only with the case of Italy.
