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Recollections of Europe
Recollections of Europe

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Recollections of Europe is here in full — 79 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.
To JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.
NEW YORK.
Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.
A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Recollections of Europe

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Recollections of Europe is here in full — 79 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.
Line 2
To JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.
Line 3
NEW YORK.
/nuː jɔːrk/
Line 4
Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.
/jɔːr ˈliːɡəl pərˈsuːts wɪl ˈnætʃərəli ɡɪv juː æn ˈɪntrəst ɪn ðə səbˈdʒekt ʌv ðə steɪt ʌv ˈdʒʌstəs ɪn ðɪs pɑːrt ʌv ðə wɜːrld/
Line 5
A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.
/ə ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns laɪk maɪn wʊd nɑːt ədˈmɪt ʌv ˈeni ˈveri proʊˈfaʊnd əˈnæləsəs ʌv ðə səbˈdʒekt dɪd aɪ pəˈzes ðə ˈnesəseri ˈlɜːrnɪŋ wɪtʃ aɪ duː nɑːt bʌt aɪ meɪ ˈprezənt ə fjuː ˈdʒenərəl fækts ənd ˈnoʊʃənz ðæt wɪl ɡɪv juː sʌm aɪˈdiːə ʌv ðə steɪt ʌv ðɪs ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt ˈfiːtʃər ʌv səˈsaɪəti/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

analysis noun US /əˈnæləsəs/

an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

From this reading “A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.”

Continental adjective US /ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl/

of or pertaining to or typical of Europe

From this reading “English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.”

jacob noun US /ˈdʒeɪkəb/

French biochemist who (with Jacques Monod) studied regulatory processes in cells (born in 1920)

From this reading “To JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.”

Juries noun US /ˈdʒʊriz/

plural of “jury” — a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law

From this reading “English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.”

Jurisprudence noun US /ˌdʒʊrəˈspruːdəns/

the branch of philosophy concerned with the law and the principles that lead courts to make the decisions they do

From this reading “English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.”

Precedence noun US /ˈpresədəns/

status established in order of importance or urgency

From this reading “English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.”

pursuits noun US /pərˈsuːts/

plural of “pursuit” — the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading “Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.”

sutherland noun US /ˈsʌðərlənd/

Australian operatic soprano (born in 1926)

From this reading “To JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

admitverbUS /ədˈmɪt/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.

analysisnounUS /əˈnæləsəs/

an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

BarnounUS /bɑːr/

a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

ContinentaladjectiveUS /ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl/

of or pertaining to or typical of Europe

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

correspondencenounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns/

communication by the exchange of letters

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

ESQnoun

a title of respect for a member of the English gentry ranking just below a knight; placed after the name

From this reading To JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.

factsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

featurenounUS /ˈfiːtʃər/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

InjusticenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/

an unjust act

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.

JACOBnounUS /ˈdʒeɪkəb/

French biochemist who (with Jacques Monod) studied regulatory processes in cells (born in 1920)

From this reading To JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.

JuriesnounUS /ˈdʒʊriz/

plural of “jury” — a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

JurisprudencenounUS /ˌdʒʊrəˈspruːdəns/

the branch of philosophy concerned with the law and the principles that lead courts to make the decisions they do

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

JusticenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

LawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

LegaladjectiveUS /ˈliːɡəl/

established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

NEWadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading NEW YORK.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

notionsnounUS /ˈnoʊʃənz/

plural of “notion” — a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

PrecedencenounUS /ˈpresədəns/

status established in order of importance or urgency

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

profoundadjectiveUS /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

pursuitsnounUS /pərˈsuːts/

plural of “pursuit” — the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.

SUTHERLANDnounUS /ˈsʌðərlənd/

Australian operatic soprano (born in 1926)

From this reading To JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading English Jurisprudence.--English Justice.--Justice in France.--Continental Jurisprudence.--Juries.--Legal Injustice.--The Bar in France.--Precedence of the Law.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading A correspondence like mine would not admit of any very profound analysis of the subject, did I possess the necessary learning, which I do not, but I may present a few general facts and notions, that will give you some idea of the state of this important feature of society.

YORKnounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading NEW YORK.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Your legal pursuits will naturally give you an interest in the subject of the state of justice in this part of the world.

Chapter 8 of Recollections of Europe by James Fenimore Cooper holds 79 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Recollections of Europe contain?

Chapter 8 holds 79 sentences of Recollections of Europe, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Recollections of Europe by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 79 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Recollections of Europe?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Recollections of Europe

Common questions about reading Recollections of Europe by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Recollections of Europe?

Yes. All 4553 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19983 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Recollections of Europe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19983, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Recollections of Europe take to read?

About 379 minutes of reading across 911 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Recollections of Europe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Recollections of Europe

Words and structures a reader meets early in Recollections of Europe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Preparations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Recollections of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Departure
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Recollections of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Consulate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Recollections of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Leave
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Recollections of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.