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Recollections of Europe
Recollections of Europe

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Recollections of Europe is here in full — 156 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.
TO JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.
NEW YORK.
The Chambers have been opened with the customary ceremonies and parade.
It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Recollections of Europe

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Recollections of Europe is here in full — 156 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.
Line 2
TO JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.
Line 3
NEW YORK.
/nuː jɔːrk/
Line 4
The Chambers have been opened with the customary ceremonies and parade.
/ðə ˈtʃeɪmbərz hæv bɪn ˈoʊpənd wɪð ðə ˈkʌstəmeri ˈserəmoʊniz ənd pərˈeɪd/
Line 5
It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bourbon noun US /ˈbɜːrbən/

a reactionary politician in the United States (usually from the South)

From this reading “It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.”

Charter verb US /ˈtʃɑːrtər/

hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services

From this reading “Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.”

cortege noun US /kɔːrˈteʒ/

a funeral procession

Elections noun US /ɪˈlekʃənz/

plural of “election” — a vote to select the winner of a position or political office

From this reading “Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.”

Initiative noun US /ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv/

readiness to embark on bold new ventures

From this reading “Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.”

Ministerial adjective US /ˌmɪnɪˈstiːriəl/

of or relating to a minister of religion or the minister's office

From this reading “Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.”

Speakers noun US /ˈspiːkərz/

plural of “speaker” — someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous)

From this reading “Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.”

sutherland noun US /ˈsʌðərlənd/

Australian operatic soprano (born in 1926)

From this reading “TO JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Chambers have been opened with the customary ceremonies and parade.

attendedadjectiveUS /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The Chambers have been opened with the customary ceremonies and parade.

BourbonnounUS /ˈbɜːrbən/

a reactionary politician in the United States (usually from the South)

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

ceremoniesnounUS /ˈserəmoʊniz/

plural of “ceremony” — a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading The Chambers have been opened with the customary ceremonies and parade.

ChambersnounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbərz/

English architect (1723-1796)

From this reading The Chambers have been opened with the customary ceremonies and parade.

CharterverbUS /ˈtʃɑːrtər/

hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

ControversynounUS /ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrsi/

a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

cortegenounUS /kɔːrˈteʒ/

a funeral procession

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

customaryadjectiveUS /ˈkʌstəmeri/

in accordance with convention or custom

From this reading The Chambers have been opened with the customary ceremonies and parade.

DifferencesnounUS /ˈdɪfərənsɪz/

plural of “difference” — the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

Doctrinaires

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

ElectionsnounUS /ɪˈlekʃənz/

plural of “election” — a vote to select the winner of a position or political office

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

ESQnoun

a title of respect for a member of the English gentry ranking just below a knight; placed after the name

From this reading TO JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

GardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The Chambers have been opened with the customary ceremonies and parade.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

InitiativenounUS /ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv/

readiness to embark on bold new ventures

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

JACOBnounUS /ˈdʒeɪkəb/

French biochemist who (with Jacques Monod) studied regulatory processes in cells (born in 1920)

From this reading TO JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

MinisterialadjectiveUS /ˌmɪnɪˈstiːriəl/

of or relating to a minister of religion or the minister's office

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

Mongrelnoun

derogatory term for a variation that is not genuine; something irregular or inferior or of dubious origin

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

NEWadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading NEW YORK.

occasionsnounUS /əˈkeɪʒənz/

something you have to do

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading The Chambers have been opened with the customary ceremonies and parade.

OpinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

Palais

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

paradenounUS /pərˈeɪd/

a ceremonial procession including people marching

From this reading The Chambers have been opened with the customary ceremonies and parade.

ParliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

ParliamentaryadjectiveUS /ˌpɑːrləˈmentəri/

relating to or having the nature of a parliament

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

ResponsibilitynounUS /riˌspɑːnsəˈbɪləti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

RoyaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

saluteverbUS /səˈluːt/

propose a toast to

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

SpeakersnounUS /ˈspiːkərz/

plural of “speaker” — someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous)

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

SUTHERLANDnounUS /ˈsʌðərlənd/

Australian operatic soprano (born in 1926)

From this reading TO JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading TO JACOB SUTHERLAND, ESQ.

TribunenounUS /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

(ancient Rome) an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

Tuileriesnoun

palace and royal residence built for Catherine de Medicis in 1564 and burned down in 1871; all that remains today are the formal gardens

From this reading Garden of the Tuileries.--The French Parliament.--Parliamentary Speakers.--The Tribune.--Royal Initiative.--The Charter.--Mongrel Government.--Ministerial Responsibility.--Elections in France.--Doctrinaires.--Differences of Opinion.--Controversy.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading It is usual for the king, attended by a brilliant _cortege_, to go, on these occasions, from the Tuileries to the Palais Bourbon, through lines of troops, under a salute of guns.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Chambers have been opened with the customary ceremonies and parade.

YORKnounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading NEW YORK.

Chapter 20 of Recollections of Europe by James Fenimore Cooper holds 156 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Recollections of Europe contain?

Chapter 20 holds 156 sentences of Recollections of Europe, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Recollections of Europe by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 156 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Vocabulary met early in Recollections of Europe

Words and structures a reader meets early in Recollections of Europe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Preparations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Recollections of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Departure
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Recollections of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Consulate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Recollections of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Leave
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Recollections of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.