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Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1
Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1 is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
True, that in savage life men starve.
But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?
None whatever.
Attend for a little to this point.
Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1 is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
True, that in savage life men starve.
/truː ðæt ɪn ˈsævədʒ laɪf men stɑːrv/
Line 2
But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?
/bʌt ɪz ðæt ˈeni pruːf ðæt ˈneɪtʃər hæz kɜːrst ðə reɪs wɪð ə ˈfeɪtəl ˈtendənsi tuː ˈmʌltəplaɪ bɪˈɑːnd ðə miːnz ʌv səbˈsɪstəns/
Line 3
None whatever.
/nʌn ˌwʌˈtevər/
Line 4
Attend for a little to this point.
/əˈtend fɔːr ə ˈlɪtəl tuː ðɪs pɔɪnt/
Line 5
Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.
/ʌv ðə riːl ˈpaʊər ʌv ðə ˈbɑːdəli ˈæpətaɪts fɔːr fuːd ənd ðə sweɪ ðeɪ meɪ əˈteɪn ˈoʊvər ðə ˈmɔːrəl ˈneɪtʃər ʌv ðə maɪnd wiː huː ɑːr prəˈtektɪd baɪ ˈaʊər pleɪs əˈmʌŋ ðə ərˈeɪndʒmənts ʌv ˈsɪvəl səˈsaɪəti frʌm ˈɡreɪtli ˈsʌfərɪŋ ˈʌndər ɪt kæn ˌɪnˈdiːd fɔːrm noʊ ˈædəkwət kənˈsepʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adequate adjective US /ˈædəkwət/

having the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task

From this reading “Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.”

appetites noun US /ˈæpətaɪts/

plural of “appetite” — a feeling of craving something

From this reading “Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.”

attain verb US /əˈteɪn/

to gain with effort

From this reading “Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.”

multiply verb US /ˈmʌltəplaɪ/

combine by multiplication

From this reading “But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?”

starve verb US /stɑːrv/

be hungry; go without food

From this reading “True, that in savage life men starve.”

subsistence noun US /səbˈsɪstəns/

minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting

From this reading “But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?”

sway verb US /sweɪ/

move back and forth or sideways

From this reading “Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.”

tendency noun US /ˈtendənsi/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading “But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

civil society adjective + noun

In this reading “Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.”

moral nature adjective + noun

In this reading “Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.”

real power adjective + noun

In this reading “Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.”

of subsistence preposition + noun

In this reading “But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?”

for food preposition + noun

In this reading “Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

adequateadjectiveUS /ˈædəkwət/

having the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

appetitesnounUS /ˈæpətaɪts/

plural of “appetite” — a feeling of craving something

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

arrangementsnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənts/

plural of “arrangement” — the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

attainverbUS /əˈteɪn/

to gain with effort

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

AttendverbUS /əˈtend/

be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.

From this reading Attend for a little to this point.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

bodilyadverbUS /ˈbɑːdəli/

in bodily form

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

conceptionnounUS /kənˈsepʃən/

an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

cursedadjectiveUS /kɜːrst/

deserving a curse; sometimes used as an intensifier

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Attend for a little to this point.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading True, that in savage life men starve.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading True, that in savage life men starve.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Attend for a little to this point.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading True, that in savage life men starve.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

multiplyverbUS /ˈmʌltəplaɪ/

combine by multiplication

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

NonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading None whatever.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Attend for a little to this point.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

proofnounUS /pruːf/

any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

protectedadjectiveUS /prəˈtektɪd/

kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

savageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading True, that in savage life men starve.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

starveverbUS /stɑːrv/

be hungry; go without food

From this reading True, that in savage life men starve.

subsistencenounUS /səbˈsɪstəns/

minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

sufferingnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

a state of acute pain

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

swayverbUS /sweɪ/

move back and forth or sideways

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

tendencynounUS /ˈtendənsi/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading True, that in savage life men starve.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Attend for a little to this point.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

TrueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading True, that in savage life men starve.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading None whatever.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Of the real power of the bodily appetites for food, and the sway they may attain over the moral nature of the mind, we, who are protected by our place among the arrangements of civil society from greatly suffering under it, can indeed form no adequate conception.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But is that any proof that nature has cursed the race with a fatal tendency to multiply beyond the means of subsistence?

Chapter 11 of Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1 by John Wilson holds 402 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 11 holds 402 sentences of Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1 by John Wilson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 402 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1

Common questions about reading Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1 by John Wilson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 5827 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31666 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31666, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1 take to read?

About 485 minutes of reading across 1166 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Blackwood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edinburgh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Recreations of Christopher North, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.