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Red and Black
Red and Black

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Red and Black is here in full — 262 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/52 · 5 lines
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A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.
He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.
But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.
He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.
Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Red and Black

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Red and Black is here in full — 262 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/52 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.
/ə piːl ʌv belz baɪ ðə taɪm ðæt ə ˈsɜːrtən noʊt ʌv ə fjuː laɪnz ˈrɪtən ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə fiːld ˈhɑːspɪtəl ˈwɪndoʊ ɪn fræns hæd riːtʃt ə ˈsɜːrtən beɪs ˈhɑːspɪtəl ˈmeni maɪlz əˈweɪ ˈrɑːbərt blæk wɑːz ˈeɪbəl tuː ˈoʊ.pən hɪz oʊn meɪl fɔːr ə ˈfɔːrtnaɪt hæd ɡɔːn baɪ/
Line 2
He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.
/hiː wɑːz soʊ ˈfɔːrtʃənət æz tuː hæv tuː ˈʌðər ˈletərz ɪn ðɪs meɪl ə ˈhæpənɪŋ wɪtʃ ʌv ˌɪtˈself wʊd hæv meɪd ðə ˈreɪni deɪ mʌtʃ les ˈdɪzməl/
Line 3
But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.
Line 4
He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.
/hiː kept ðɪs θɜːrd ˈletər əˈnoʊpənd tɪl ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ˈdresɪŋz wɜːr ˈoʊvər ðə kɑːrts ʌv ˈsɜːrdʒɪkəl səˈplaɪz hæd siːst tuː muːv θruː ðə wɔːrd ənd ðə ˈsɜːrdʒənz ənd ˈnɜːrsəz hæd left bɪˈhaɪnd ðem ˈpeɪʃənts suːðd ənd meɪd ˈkʌmfərtəbəl ənd ˈredi fɔːr ðə leɪt ˈmɔːrnɪŋ næp wɪtʃ ˈfɑːloʊd ˈnætʃərəli əˈpɑːn ðə peɪn ənd fəˈtiːɡ ʌv ðə ˈdresɪŋz/
Line 5
Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.
/ðen wen hɪz ˈneɪbərz ɪn ðə bedz ɑːn ˈiːðər saɪd wɜːr noʊ ˈlɔːŋɡər əbˈzɜːrvənt blæk druː aʊt ðə ˈsɪŋɡəl ʃiːt ˈfiːlɪŋ æn ˈɪnstənt sens ʌv ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt ðæt ðə laɪnz wɜːr soʊ fjuː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

carts noun US /kɑːrts/

plural of “cart” — a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

From this reading “He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.”

dressings noun US /ˈdresɪŋz/

plural of “dressing” — savory dressings for salads; basically of two kinds: either the thin French or vinaigrette type or the creamy mayonnaise type

From this reading “He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.”

nurses noun US /ˈnɜːrsəz/

plural of “nurse” — one skilled in caring for young children or the sick (usually under the supervision of a physician)

From this reading “He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.”

observant adjective US /əbˈzɜːrvənt/

paying close attention especially to details

From this reading “Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.”

peal noun US /piːl/

a deep prolonged sound (as of thunder or large bells)

From this reading “A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.”

surgeons noun US /ˈsɜːrdʒənz/

plural of “surgeon” — a physician who specializes in surgery

From this reading “He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.”

surgical adjective US /ˈsɜːrdʒɪkəl/

of or relating to or involving or used in surgery

From this reading “He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.”

unopened adjective US /əˈnoʊpənd/

not yet opened or unsealed

From this reading “He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

rainy day adjective + noun

a (future) time of financial need

In this reading “He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.”

Field Hospital noun + noun

a temporary military hospital near the battle lines

In this reading “A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.”

single sheet adjective + noun

In this reading “Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.”

many miles adjective + noun counted as “many mile”

In this reading “A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.”

few lines adjective + noun counted as “few line”

In this reading “A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.”

for a fortnight preposition + article + noun counted as “for … fortnight”

In this reading “A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.”

All words in this reading · 128

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

BasenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

bedsnounUS /bedz/

plural of “bed” — a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

BELLSnounUS /belz/

plural of “bell” — a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

BlackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

cartsnounUS /kɑːrts/

plural of “cart” — a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

comfortableadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

disappointmentnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/

a feeling of dissatisfaction that results when your expectations are not realized

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

dismaladjectiveUS /ˈdɪzməl/

causing dejection

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

dressingsnounUS /ˈdresɪŋz/

plural of “dressing” — savory dressings for salads; basically of two kinds: either the thin French or vinaigrette type or the creamy mayonnaise type

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

envelopenounUS /ˈenvəloʊp/

a flat (usually rectangular) container for a letter, thin package, etc.

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

fatiguenounUS /fəˈtiːɡ/

temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

FieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

floodnounUS /flʌd/

the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

fortnightnounUS /ˈfɔːrtnaɪt/

a period of fourteen consecutive days

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

fortunateadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/

having unexpected good fortune

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

handwritingnounUS /ˈhændraɪtɪŋ/

something written by hand

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

happeningnounUS /ˈhæpənɪŋ/

an event that happens

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

HospitalnounUS /ˈhɑːspɪtəl/

a health facility where patients receive treatment

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

instantnounUS /ˈɪnstənt/

a very short time (as the time it takes the eye to blink or the heart to beat)

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

mailnounUS /meɪl/

the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

napnounUS /næp/

a period of time spent sleeping

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

neighboursnounUS /ˈneɪbərz/

plural of “neighbour” — a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

nursesnounUS /ˈnɜːrsəz/

plural of “nurse” — one skilled in caring for young children or the sick (usually under the supervision of a physician)

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

observantadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvənt/

paying close attention especially to details

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

patientsnounUS /ˈpeɪʃənts/

plural of “patient” — a person who requires medical care

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

PEALnounUS /piːl/

a deep prolonged sound (as of thunder or large bells)

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

rainyadjectiveUS /ˈreɪni/

(of weather) wet by periods of rain

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

sheetnounUS /ʃiːt/

any broad thin expanse or surface

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

sombreadjective

lacking brightness or color; dull

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

soothedverbUS /suːðd/

past form of “soothe” — give moral or emotional strength to

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

suppliesnounUS /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

surgeonsnounUS /ˈsɜːrdʒənz/

plural of “surgeon” — a physician who specializes in surgery

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

surgicaladjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrdʒɪkəl/

of or relating to or involving or used in surgery

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

unopenedadjectiveUS /əˈnoʊpənd/

not yet opened or unsealed

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

wardnounUS /wɔːrd/

a person who is under the protection or in the custody of another

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He kept this third letter unopened till the morning dressings were over, the carts of surgical supplies had ceased to move through the ward, and the surgeons and nurses had left behind them patients soothed and made comfortable and ready for the late morning nap which followed naturally upon the pain and fatigue of the dressings.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Then, when his neighbours in the beds on either side were no longer observant, Black drew out the single sheet, feeling an instant sense of disappointment that the lines were so few.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But to find this particular handwriting upon the third envelope was enough to flood the ward with light--for him, though to some others, near him, who had had no letters, it remained a sombre place, as before.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He was so fortunate as to have two other letters in this mail, a happening which of itself would have made the rainy day much less dismal.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading A PEAL OF BELLS By the time that a certain note of a few lines, written outside a Field Hospital window in France, had reached a certain Base Hospital, many miles away, Robert Black was able to open his own mail, for a fortnight had gone by.

Chapter 21 of Red and Black by Grace S. (Grace Smith) Richmond holds 262 sentences, grouped into 53 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Red and Black contain?

Chapter 21 holds 262 sentences of Red and Black, unabridged, divided into 53 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Red and Black by Grace S. (Grace Smith) Richmond exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 262 sentences, grouped into 53 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Red and Black?

Work through the 53 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 53 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Red and Black

Words and structures a reader meets early in Red and Black, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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