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Red Fleece
Red Fleece

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Red Fleece is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Red Fleece
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
And now a rainy field.
Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.
Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.
It was a listening army--the far distance breathing just the murmur of cannonading.
He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Red Fleece

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Red Fleece is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
And now a rainy field.
/ənd naʊ ə ˈreɪni fiːld/
Line 2
Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.
Line 3
Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.
Line 4
It was a listening army--the far distance breathing just the murmur of cannonading.
Line 5
He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bivouac noun US /ˈbɪvwæk/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading “He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.”

border noun US /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading “Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.”

cordon noun US /ˈkɔːrdən/

a series of sentinels or of military posts enclosing or guarding some place or thing

From this reading “He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.”

coughing noun US /ˈkɑːfɪŋ/

a sudden noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that clears the air passages; a common symptom of upper respiratory infection or bronchitis or pneumonia or tuberculosis

From this reading “Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.”

edges noun US /ˈedʒəz/

plural of “edge” — the boundary of a surface

From this reading “He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.”

nameless adjective US /ˈneɪm.ləs/

Having no name, or having a name that is kept secret or unknown.

From this reading “Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.”

rainy adjective US /ˈreɪni/

(of weather) wet by periods of rain

From this reading “And now a rainy field.”

sentries noun US /ˈsentriz/

plural of “sentry” — a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading “He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading And now a rainy field.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And now a rainy field.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading It was a listening army--the far distance breathing just the murmur of cannonading.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

bivouacnounUS /ˈbɪvwæk/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

bordernounUS /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

breathingnounUS /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

From this reading It was a listening army--the far distance breathing just the murmur of cannonading.

cannonading

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a listening army--the far distance breathing just the murmur of cannonading.

cattle-cars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

cordonnounUS /ˈkɔːrdən/

a series of sentinels or of military posts enclosing or guarding some place or thing

From this reading He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

coughingnounUS /ˈkɑːfɪŋ/

a sudden noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that clears the air passages; a common symptom of upper respiratory infection or bronchitis or pneumonia or tuberculosis

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading It was a listening army--the far distance breathing just the murmur of cannonading.

edgesnounUS /ˈedʒəz/

plural of “edge” — the boundary of a surface

From this reading He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading And now a rainy field.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

Galiciannoun

a language spoken in Galicia, an Autonomus Community of Spain

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

head-quarter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a listening army--the far distance breathing just the murmur of cannonading.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading It was a listening army--the far distance breathing just the murmur of cannonading.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

laughternounUS /ˈlæftər/

the sound of laughing

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

listeningnounUS /ˈlɪsənɪŋ/

the act of hearing attentively

From this reading It was a listening army--the far distance breathing just the murmur of cannonading.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

Mowbray

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

murmurnounUS /ˈmɜːrmər/

a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading It was a listening army--the far distance breathing just the murmur of cannonading.

namelessadjectiveUS /ˈneɪm.ləs/

Having no name, or having a name that is kept secret or unknown.

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

night-fall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading And now a rainy field.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

PeternounUS /ˈpiːtər/

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

rainyadjectiveUS /ˈreɪni/

(of weather) wet by periods of rain

From this reading And now a rainy field.

sentriesnounUS /ˈsentriz/

plural of “sentry” — a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

stillest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

studyingnounUS /ˈstʌdiɪŋ/

reading carefully with intent to remember

From this reading He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Another nameless village--Galician, now, for the border had been crossed, and the stillest night Peter Mowbray had so far known among the troops.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a listening army--the far distance breathing just the murmur of cannonading.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Two days of cold wind and rain after the cattle-cars; a different tone and temper from the men, coughing instead of laughter at night-fall.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading He moved about within the cordon of head-quarter sentries, studying the edges of the bivouac as the rain and the darkness fell.

Chapter 8 of Red Fleece by Will Levington Comfort holds 42 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Red Fleece contain?

Chapter 8 holds 42 sentences of Red Fleece, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Red Fleece by Will Levington Comfort exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 42 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Red Fleece?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Red Fleece

Common questions about reading Red Fleece by Will Levington Comfort on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Red Fleece?

Yes. All 3946 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6351 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Red Fleece is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6351, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Red Fleece take to read?

About 328 minutes of reading across 790 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Red Fleece section by section

How to work through Red Fleece section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Red Fleece to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Red Fleece

Words and structures a reader meets early in Red Fleece, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Red Fleece; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boylan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Red Fleece; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rhodes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Red Fleece; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Agency
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Red Fleece; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.