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Red Fleece
Red Fleece

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Red Fleece is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.
The others at the far end looked up occasionally.
They were talking low-toned.
Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.
True and anonymous, these songs.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Red Fleece

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Red Fleece is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.
Line 2
The others at the far end looked up occasionally.
Line 3
They were talking low-toned.
Line 4
Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.
Line 5
True and anonymous, these songs.
/truː ənd əˈnɑːnəməs ðiːz sɔːŋz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anonymous adjective US /əˈnɑːnəməs/

having no known name or identity or known source

From this reading “True and anonymous, these songs.”

attach verb US /əˈtætʃ/

cause to be attached

From this reading “Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.”

cradle noun US /ˈkreɪdəl/

a baby bed with sides and rockers

From this reading “Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.”

Moscow noun US /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading “Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.”

pregnant adjective US /ˈpreɡnənt/

carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life

From this reading “Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.”

sentry noun US /ˈsentri/

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading “Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.”

skylight noun US /ˈskaɪlaɪt/

a window in a roof to admit daylight

From this reading “Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.”

windy adjective US /ˈwɪndi/

abounding in or exposed to the wind or breezes

From this reading “Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

anonymousadjectiveUS /əˈnɑːnəməs/

having no known name or identity or known source

From this reading True and anonymous, these songs.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The others at the far end looked up occasionally.

attachverbUS /əˈtætʃ/

cause to be attached

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

Berthe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

boatnounUS /boʊt/

a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

candlenounUS /ˈkændəl/

stick of wax with a wick in the middle

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

centernounUS /ˈsɛn.tər/

The middle point or core of an area.

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

changingadjectiveUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ/

marked by continuous change or effective action

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

cradlenounUS /ˈkreɪdəl/

a baby bed with sides and rockers

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The others at the far end looked up occasionally.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The others at the far end looked up occasionally.

folk-songs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

harvestnounUS /ˈhɑːrvəst/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The others at the far end looked up occasionally.

low-tonedadjective

very low in volume

From this reading They were talking low-toned.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

MoscownounUS /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

MothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

occasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading The others at the far end looked up occasionally.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The others at the far end looked up occasionally.

PeternounUS /ˈpiːtər/

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

Poltneck

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

pregnantadjectiveUS /ˈpreɡnənt/

carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

pureadjectiveUS /pjʊr/

free of extraneous elements of any kind

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

sentrynounUS /ˈsentri/

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

singingnounUS /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/

the act of singing vocal music

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

skylightnounUS /ˈskaɪlaɪt/

a window in a roof to admit daylight

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

songsnounUS /sɔːŋz/

plural of “song” — a short musical composition with words

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

stair-door

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

starnounUS /stɑːr/

(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

steadilyadverbUS /ˈstedəli/

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading They were talking low-toned.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading True and anonymous, these songs.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were talking low-toned.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

TrueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading True and anonymous, these songs.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The others at the far end looked up occasionally.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

warmthnounUS /wɔːrmθ/

the sensation caused by heat energy

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were talking low-toned.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

windyadjectiveUS /ˈwɪndi/

abounding in or exposed to the wind or breezes

From this reading Peter walked the room, a changing star or two in the windy skylight; a candle in the center by the stair-door where the sentry stood; Berthe watching him steadily from her chair.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Poltneck had been singing folk-songs--pure spirit of the boat and cradle, of the march and the marriage and the harvest, of the cruel winter and the pregnant warmth again; songs that had come up from the soil and stream and the simple heart of man, older than Mother Moscow, old beyond any human name to attach to them.

Chapter 31 of Red Fleece by Will Levington Comfort holds 89 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Red Fleece contain?

Chapter 31 holds 89 sentences of Red Fleece, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Red Fleece by Will Levington Comfort exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 89 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Red Fleece?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Red Fleece

Common questions about reading Red Fleece by Will Levington Comfort on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Red Fleece?

Yes. All 3946 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6351 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Red Fleece is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6351, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Red Fleece take to read?

About 328 minutes of reading across 790 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Red Fleece section by section

How to work through Red Fleece section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Red Fleece to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Red Fleece

Words and structures a reader meets early in Red Fleece, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Red Fleece; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boylan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Red Fleece; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rhodes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Red Fleece; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Agency
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Red Fleece; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.