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Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography
Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography is here in full — 188 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography
Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.
Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.
It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.
I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.
The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography is here in full — 188 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.
Line 2
Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.
/bɪˈɑːnd ə ˈwelkəm wɪtʃ kʊd nɑːt biː ˈkwestʃənd ˈlɪtəl enˈkɜːrɪdʒmənt wɑːz wɪð wʌn ɪkˈsepʃən ˈɔːfərd miː əˈmʌŋ maɪ oʊld frendz/
Line 3
It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.
/ɪt wɑːz ə ˈpɪriəd ʌv ənˈsɜːrtənti θruːˈaʊt ðə saʊθ jet ə ˈtʃɪrfəl wɜːrd riːtʃt miː frʌm æn oʊld ˈsoʊldʒər ˈkroʊni ˈlɪvɪŋ sʌm ˈdɪstəns west ʌv fɔːrt wɜːrθ ɑːn ðə ˈbrɑːzoʊs ˈrɪvər/
Line 4
I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.
Line 5
The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.
/ðə pleɪnz tuː ðə ˈwestwərd ʌv fɔːrt ˈɡrɪfɪn hiː roʊt wɜːr ˈswɔːrmɪŋ wɪð ˈbʌfəloʊ ənd ˈweɪdʒəz kʊd biː meɪd ɪn ˈkɪlɪŋ ðem fɔːr ðer haɪdz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

assuring adjective US /əˈʃʊrɪŋ/

giving confidence

From this reading “I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.”

Brazos noun US /ˈbrɑːzoʊs/

a river that rises in Mexico and flows across Texas into the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading “It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.”

corresponded verb US /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪd/

past form of “correspond” — be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading “During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.”

crony noun US /ˈkroʊni/

a close friend who accompanies his buddies in their activities

From this reading “It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.”

Griffin noun US /ˈɡrɪfɪn/

winged monster with the head of an eagle and the body of a lion

From this reading “The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.”

swarming verb US /ˈswɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading “The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.”

teams noun US /tiːmz/

plural of “team” — a cooperative unit (especially in sports)

From this reading “I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.”

Texas noun US /ˈteksəs/

the second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading “During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1865

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

66

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

assuringadjectiveUS /əˈʃʊrɪŋ/

giving confidence

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

BeyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

BrazosnounUS /ˈbrɑːzoʊs/

a river that rises in Mexico and flows across Texas into the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

buffalonounUS /ˈbʌfəloʊ/

large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

cargonounUS /ˈkɑːrɡoʊ/

goods carried by a large vehicle

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

cheerfuladjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪrfəl/

being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

comradenounUS /ˈkɑːmræd/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

comradesnounUS /ˈkɑːmrædz/

plural of “comrade” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

confidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

correspondedverbUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪd/

past form of “correspond” — be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

cronynounUS /ˈkroʊni/

a close friend who accompanies his buddies in their activities

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

encouragementnounUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒmənt/

the expression of approval and support

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

exceptionnounUS /ɪkˈsepʃən/

a deliberate act of omission

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

GriffinnounUS /ˈɡrɪfɪn/

winged monster with the head of an eagle and the body of a lion

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

hidesnounUS /haɪdz/

plural of “hide” — the dressed skin of an animal (especially a large animal)

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

killingnounUS /ˈkɪlɪŋ/

an event that causes someone to die

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

oxnounUS /ɑːks/

an adult castrated bull of the genus Bos; especially Bos taurus

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

questionedverbUS /ˈkwestʃənd/

past form of “question” — challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

robesnounUS /roʊbz/

plural of “robe” — any loose flowing garment

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

soldiernounUS /ˈsoʊldʒər/

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

swarmingverbUS /ˈswɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

teamsnounUS /tiːmz/

plural of “team” — a cooperative unit (especially in sports)

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

TexasnounUS /ˈteksəs/

the second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

uncertaintynounUS /ənˈsɜːrtənti/

being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

wagesnounUS /ˈweɪdʒəz/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

westwardadverbUS /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Beyond a welcome which could not be questioned, little encouragement was, with one exception, offered me among my old friends.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading During the winter of 1865-66 I corresponded with several of my old comrades in Texas.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

WorthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I had great confidence in my former comrade, and he held out a hope, assuring me that if I would come, in case nothing else offered, we could take his ox teams the next winter and bring in a cargo of buffalo robes.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading The plains to the westward of Fort Griffin, he wrote, were swarming with buffalo, and wages could be made in killing them for their hides.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading It was a period of uncertainty throughout the South, yet a cheerful word reached me from an old soldier crony living some distance west of Fort Worth on the Brazos River.

Chapter 1 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography by Andy Adams holds 188 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography contain?

Chapter 1 holds 188 sentences of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography by Andy Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 188 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Common questions about reading Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography by Andy Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography?

Yes. All 3214 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12884 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12884, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography take to read?

About 267 minutes of reading across 643 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography section by section

How to work through Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Words and structures a reader meets early in Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

During
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Winter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corresponded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.