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Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography
Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography
Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.
The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.
Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.
The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.
The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.
Line 2
The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.
/ðə ˈdʒuːnjər ˈmembər ʌv ðə fɜːrm wɑːz ˈæŋkʃəs tuː kənˈtɪnjuː ðə treɪd ðen ɪˈstæblɪʃt bʌt ðə ˈæbsəns ʌv ˈeni prəˈtekʃən əˈɡenst ðə ˈɪndiənz ˈiːðər steɪt ɔːr ˈfedərəl wɑːz ˈhoʊpləs/
Line 3
Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.
/ˈteksəs wɑːz ˈsʌfərɪŋ frʌm ðə ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl ˈtrʌbəlz ʌv ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃən ðə pəˈtɜːrnəl ˈɡʌvərmənt hæd smɔːl kənˈsɜːrn fɔːr ðə ˈwelfer ʌv ə steɪt ˈriːsəntli ɪn ɑːrmz əˈɡenst ðə ˈjuːnjən ənd ðer wɑːz ˈlɪtəl ɔːr noʊ hoʊp fɔːr prəˈtekʃən ʌv laɪf ɔːr ˈprɑːpərti ˈʌndər ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz/
Line 4
The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.
/ðə ˈaʊtfɪt wɑːz əˈkɔːrdɪŋli peɪd ɔːf ənd aɪ rɪˈtɜːrnd wɪð dʒɔːrdʒ ˈedwərdz tuː hɪz ˈfɑːðərz ræntʃ/
Line 5
The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.
/ðə pæst eɪˈtiːn mʌnθs hæd ˈɡɪvən miː ə ˈstrenjuːəs ˈskuːlɪŋ bʌt aɪ hæd ɪˈmɜːrdʒd ɑːn maɪ fiːt ˈfiːlɪŋ ðæt wʌns mɔːr aɪ wɑːz enˈtaɪtəld tuː ə pleɪs əˈmʌŋ men/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Edwards noun US /ˈedwərdz/

American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758)

From this reading “The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.”

existing adjective US /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/

presently existing

From this reading “Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.”

federal adjective US /ˈfedərəl/

national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units

From this reading “The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.”

Reconstruction noun US /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃən/

the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union; 1865-1877

From this reading “Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.”

schooling noun US /ˈskuːlɪŋ/

the act of teaching at school

From this reading “The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.”

strenuous adjective US /ˈstrenjuːəs/

characterized by or performed with much energy or force

From this reading “The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.”

Sumner noun US /ˈsʌmnər/

United States sociologist (1840-1910)

From this reading “SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.”

Texas noun US /ˈteksəs/

the second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading “Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

68

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

absencenounUS /ˈæbsəns/

the state of being absent

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

accordinglyadverbUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

anxiousadjectiveUS /ˈæŋkʃəs/

eagerly desirous

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

concernnounUS /kənˈsɜːrn/

something that interests you because it is important or affects you

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

continueverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

EdwardsnounUS /ˈedwərdz/

American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758)

From this reading The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.

eighteenadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːn/

being one more than seventeen

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

emergedverbUS /ɪˈmɜːrdʒd/

past form of “emerge” — come out into view, as from concealment

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

employmentnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

endedadjectiveUS /ˈendəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

entitledadjectiveUS /enˈtaɪtəld/

qualified for by right according to law

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

existingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/

presently existing

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.

federaladjectiveUS /ˈfedərəl/

national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

firmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

hopelessadjectiveUS /ˈhoʊpləs/

without hope because there seems to be no possibility of comfort or success

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

internaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

juniornounUS /ˈdʒuːnjər/

term of address for a disrespectful and annoying male

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

LovingadjectiveUS /ˈlʌvɪŋ/

feeling or showing love and affection

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

membernounUS /ˈmembər/

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

outfitnounUS /ˈaʊtfɪt/

any cohesive unit such as a military company

From this reading The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

paternaladjectiveUS /pəˈtɜːrnəl/

belonging to or inherited from one's father

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

ranchnounUS /ræntʃ/

farm consisting of a large tract of land along with facilities needed to raise livestock (especially cattle)

From this reading The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.

recentlyadverbUS /ˈriːsəntli/

in the recent past

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

ReconstructionnounUS /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃən/

the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union; 1865-1877

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.

schoolingnounUS /ˈskuːlɪŋ/

the act of teaching at school

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

strenuousadjectiveUS /ˈstrenjuːəs/

characterized by or performed with much energy or force

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

sufferingnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

a state of acute pain

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

SUMMERnounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

SumnernounUS /ˈsʌmnər/

United States sociologist (1840-1910)

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

TexasnounUS /ˈteksəs/

the second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The past eighteen months had given me a strenuous schooling, but I had emerged on my feet, feeling that once more I was entitled to a place among men.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SUMMER OF '68 The death of Mr. Loving ended my employment in driving cattle to Fort Sumner.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

troublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The junior member of the firm was anxious to continue the trade then established, but the absence of any protection against the Indians, either state or federal, was hopeless.

welfarenounUS /ˈwelfer/

governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need

From this reading Texas was suffering from the internal troubles of Reconstruction, the paternal government had small concern for the welfare of a State recently in arms against the Union, and there was little or no hope for protection of life or property under existing conditions.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The outfit was accordingly paid off, and I returned with George Edwards to his father's ranch.

Chapter 4 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography by Andy Adams holds 149 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography contain?

Chapter 4 holds 149 sentences of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography by Andy Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 149 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Common questions about reading Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography by Andy Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography?

Yes. All 3214 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12884 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12884, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography take to read?

About 267 minutes of reading across 643 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography section by section

How to work through Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Words and structures a reader meets early in Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

During
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Winter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corresponded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.