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Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography
Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography
Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SCHOOL OF EXPERIENCE Success had made me daring.
And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.
Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.
Precedent was of little value, as present environment controlled my actions.
The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SCHOOL OF EXPERIENCE Success had made me daring.
/ðə skuːl ʌv ɪkˈspɪriəns səkˈses hæd meɪd miː ˈderɪŋ/
Line 2
And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.
/ənd jet aɪ mʌst hæv bɪn ˈwɑːndərɪŋ ˈeɪmləsli fɔːr hæd maɪ æmˈbɪʃən bɪn wel dərˈektəd ðer ɪz noʊ ˈtelɪŋ tuː wʌt ɪkˈstent aɪ maɪt hæv əˈmæst ə ˈfɔːrtʃən/
Line 3
Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.
/ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti wɑːz ˈnɑːkɪŋ æt maɪ ɡeɪt ə ˈdʒaɪənt jʌŋ ˈkɑːmənwelθ wɑːz ˈstrʌɡəlɪŋ ɪn ðə θroʊz ʌv pəˈlɪtəkəl ˌrevəˈluːʃən waɪl aɪ ˈwɑːndərd θruː ɪt ɔːl laɪk ə blaɪnd mæn led baɪ ə tʃaɪld/
Line 4
Precedent was of little value, as present environment controlled my actions.
/ˈpresɪdənt wɑːz ʌv ˈlɪtəl ˈvæljuː æz ˈprezənt ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt kənˈtroʊld maɪ ˈækʃənz/
Line 5
The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aimlessly adverb US /ˈeɪmləsli/

without aim; in an aimless manner

From this reading “And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.”

amassed verb US /əˈmæst/

past form of “amass” — collect or gather

From this reading “And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.”

commonwealth noun US /ˈkɑːmənwelθ/

the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)

From this reading “Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.”

environment noun US /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

the totality of surrounding conditions

From this reading “Precedent was of little value, as present environment controlled my actions.”

Precedent noun US /ˈpresɪdənt/

an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time

From this reading “Precedent was of little value, as present environment controlled my actions.”

Reconstruction noun US /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃən/

the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union; 1865-1877

From this reading “The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.”

ridding verb US /ˈrɪdɪŋ/

inflected form of “rid” — relieve from

From this reading “The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.”

throes noun US /θroʊz/

violent pangs of suffering

From this reading “Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

actionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading Precedent was of little value, as present environment controlled my actions.

aimlesslyadverbUS /ˈeɪmləsli/

without aim; in an aimless manner

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

amassedverbUS /əˈmæst/

past form of “amass” — collect or gather

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

ambitionnounUS /æmˈbɪʃən/

a cherished desire

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Precedent was of little value, as present environment controlled my actions.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

banefuladjective

exceedingly harmful

From this reading The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.

blindnounUS /blaɪnd/

people who have severe visual impairments, considered as a group

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

commonwealthnounUS /ˈkɑːmənwelθ/

the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

controlledadjectiveUS /kənˈtroʊld/

restrained or managed or kept within certain bounds

From this reading Precedent was of little value, as present environment controlled my actions.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF EXPERIENCE Success had made me daring.

directedadjectiveUS /dərˈektəd/

(often used in combination) having a specified direction

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

doubtfuladjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.

environmentnounUS /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

the totality of surrounding conditions

From this reading Precedent was of little value, as present environment controlled my actions.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.

EXPERIENCEverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF EXPERIENCE Success had made me daring.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

giantnounUS /ˈdʒaɪənt/

any creature of exceptional size

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF EXPERIENCE Success had made me daring.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

incubusnoun

a male demon believed to lie on sleeping persons and to have sexual intercourse with sleeping women

From this reading The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

knockingnounUS /ˈnɑːkɪŋ/

the sound of knocking (as on a door or in an engine or bearing)

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Precedent was of little value, as present environment controlled my actions.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF EXPERIENCE Success had made me daring.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF EXPERIENCE Success had made me daring.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF EXPERIENCE Success had made me daring.

OpportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

PrecedentnounUS /ˈpresɪdənt/

an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time

From this reading Precedent was of little value, as present environment controlled my actions.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Precedent was of little value, as present environment controlled my actions.

ReconstructionnounUS /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃən/

the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union; 1865-1877

From this reading The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.

revolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

riddingverbUS /ˈrɪdɪŋ/

inflected form of “rid” — relieve from

From this reading The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.

SCHOOLnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF EXPERIENCE Success had made me daring.

strugglingadjectiveUS /ˈstrʌɡəlɪŋ/

engaged in a struggle to overcome especially poverty or obscurity

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

SuccessnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF EXPERIENCE Success had made me daring.

tellingadjectiveUS /ˈtelɪŋ/

disclosing unintentionally something concealed

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

TexasnounUS /ˈteksəs/

the second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF EXPERIENCE Success had made me daring.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

throesnounUS /θroʊz/

violent pangs of suffering

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading Precedent was of little value, as present environment controlled my actions.

wanderedverbUS /ˈwɑːndərd/

past form of “wander” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

wanderingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/

migratory

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The best people in Texas were doubtful of ever ridding themselves of the baneful incubus of Reconstruction.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading And yet I must have been wandering aimlessly, for had my ambition been well directed, there is no telling to what extent I might have amassed a fortune.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Opportunity was knocking at my gate, a giant young commonwealth was struggling in the throes of political revolution, while I wandered through it all like a blind man led by a child.

Chapter 8 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography by Andy Adams holds 145 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography contain?

Chapter 8 holds 145 sentences of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography by Andy Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 145 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Common questions about reading Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography by Andy Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography?

Yes. All 3214 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12884 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12884, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography take to read?

About 267 minutes of reading across 643 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography section by section

How to work through Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Words and structures a reader meets early in Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

During
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Winter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corresponded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.