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Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography
Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography is here in full — 157 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE CENTENNIAL YEAR I returned to Texas early in January.
Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.
Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.
The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.
The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography is here in full — 157 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE CENTENNIAL YEAR I returned to Texas early in January.
/ðə senˈteniəl jɪr aɪ rɪˈtɜːrnd tuː ˈteksəs ˈɜːrli ɪn ˈdʒænjuːeri/
Line 2
Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.
/kwaɪt ə tʃeɪndʒ hæd kʌm ˈoʊvər ðə ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən sɪns maɪ ˈliːvɪŋ hoʊm ðə sprɪŋ bɪˈfɔːr/
Line 3
Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.
/ɪkˈsept ɑːn ðə frənˈtɪr ˈbɪznəs wɑːz ˈbuːmɪŋ ɪn ðə nuː taʊnz waɪl ə ˈreɡjələr ˌrevəˈluːʃən hæd ˈteɪkən pleɪs wɪˈðɪn ðə pæst mʌnθ ɪn lænd ˈvæljuːz/
Line 4
The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.
/ðə ˈtʃiːpnəs ʌv waɪld lændz hæd əˈtræktɪd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈkæpətəl rɪˈzʌltɪŋ ɪn ə ˈsɪndɪkət ˈbiːɪŋ fɔːrmd baɪ ˈnɔːrðərn ˈkæpətəlɪsts tuː baɪ ʌp ðə ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈɪʃuː ʌv lænd skrɪp/
Line 5
The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.
/ðə ˈmuːvmənt hæd bɪn ˈhændəld ˈkɔːʃəsli ənd hæd ˈpɑːsəbli bɪn ɪn ˈæktɪv ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən fɔːr ə jɪr ɔːr mɔːr æz ɪts ˈmeθədz wɜːr kənˈdʌktəd wɪð ðə ˈʌtmoʊst ˈsiːkrəsi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

booming adjective US /ˈbuːmɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading “Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.”

capitalists noun US /ˈkæpətəlɪsts/

plural of “capitalist” — a conservative advocate of capitalism

From this reading “The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.”

centennial noun US /senˈteniəl/

the 100th anniversary (or the celebration of it)

From this reading “THE CENTENNIAL YEAR I returned to Texas early in January.”

cheapness noun US /ˈtʃiːpnəs/

a price below the standard price

From this reading “The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.”

outstanding adjective US /ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ/

distinguished from others in excellence

From this reading “The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.”

resulting verb US /rɪˈzʌltɪŋ/

-ing form of “result” — issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading “The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.”

scrip noun US /skrɪp/

a certificate whose value is recognized by the payer and payee; scrip is not currency but may be convertible into currency

From this reading “The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.”

syndicate noun US /ˈsɪndɪkət/

a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities

From this reading “The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

attractedverbUS /əˈtræktɪd/

past form of “attract” — direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

boomingadjectiveUS /ˈbuːmɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

buyverbUS /baɪ/

obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

capitalistsnounUS /ˈkæpətəlɪsts/

plural of “capitalist” — a conservative advocate of capitalism

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

cautiouslyadverbUS /ˈkɔːʃəsli/

as if with kid gloves; with caution or prudence or tact

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

CENTENNIALnounUS /senˈteniəl/

the 100th anniversary (or the celebration of it)

From this reading THE CENTENNIAL YEAR I returned to Texas early in January.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.

cheapnessnounUS /ˈtʃiːpnəs/

a price below the standard price

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.

conductedverbUS /kənˈdʌktəd/

past form of “conduct” — direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading THE CENTENNIAL YEAR I returned to Texas early in January.

ExceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.

handledadjectiveUS /ˈhændəld/

having a usually specified type of handle

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE CENTENNIAL YEAR I returned to Texas early in January.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE CENTENNIAL YEAR I returned to Texas early in January.

issueverbUS /ˈɪʃuː/

prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

JanuarynounUS /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading THE CENTENNIAL YEAR I returned to Texas early in January.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

NorthernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

operationnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən/

the state of being in effect or being operative

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

outstandingadjectiveUS /ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ/

distinguished from others in excellence

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

possiblyadverbUS /ˈpɑːsəbli/

by chance

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

QuiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

resultingverbUS /rɪˈzʌltɪŋ/

-ing form of “result” — issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading THE CENTENNIAL YEAR I returned to Texas early in January.

revolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

scripnounUS /skrɪp/

a certificate whose value is recognized by the payer and payee; scrip is not currency but may be convertible into currency

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

secrecynounUS /ˈsiːkrəsi/

the trait of keeping things secret

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Quite a change had come over the situation since my leaving home the spring before.

syndicatenounUS /ˈsɪndɪkət/

a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

TexasnounUS /ˈteksəs/

the second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading THE CENTENNIAL YEAR I returned to Texas early in January.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CENTENNIAL YEAR I returned to Texas early in January.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE CENTENNIAL YEAR I returned to Texas early in January.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

valuesnounUS /ˈvæljuːz/

beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something)

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading The cheapness of wild lands had attracted outside capital, resulting in a syndicate being formed by Northern capitalists to buy up the outstanding issue of land scrip.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The movement had been handled cautiously, and had possibly been in active operation for a year or more, as its methods were conducted with the utmost secrecy.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Except on the frontier, business was booming in the new towns, while a regular revolution had taken place within the past month in land values.

YEARnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading THE CENTENNIAL YEAR I returned to Texas early in January.

Chapter 12 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography by Andy Adams holds 157 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography contain?

Chapter 12 holds 157 sentences of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography by Andy Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 157 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Common questions about reading Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography by Andy Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography?

Yes. All 3214 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12884 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12884, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography take to read?

About 267 minutes of reading across 643 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography section by section

How to work through Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography

Words and structures a reader meets early in Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

During
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Winter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corresponded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reed Anthony, Cowman: An Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.