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Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3)
Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3)

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3) is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3)
Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 6 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 6
Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.
Sir Lybius spends the night in the adjoining town: In the morning goes to challenge the faulcon.
The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.
They engage: the combat described at large: Sir Gefferon is incurably hurt; and carried home on his shield.
Sir Lybius sends the faulcon to K. Arthur; and receives back a large present in florins.
He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3)

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3) is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 6 reading units · Lines 1–6

Line 1
Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.
Line 2
Sir Lybius spends the night in the adjoining town: In the morning goes to challenge the faulcon.
Line 3
The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.
Line 4
They engage: the combat described at large: Sir Gefferon is incurably hurt; and carried home on his shield.
Line 5
Sir Lybius sends the faulcon to K. Arthur; and receives back a large present in florins.
Line 6
He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

challenges noun US /ˈtʃæləndʒɪz/

plural of “challenge” — a demanding or stimulating situation

From this reading “Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.”

comers noun US /ˈkʌmərz/

plural of “comer” — someone with a promising future

From this reading “Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.”

fairer adjective US /ˈferər/

comparative of “fair” — free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading “Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.”

feasting noun US /ˈfiːstɪŋ/

eating an elaborate meal (often accompanied by entertainment)

From this reading “He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.”

receives verb US /rəˈsiːvz/

third-person singular of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading “Sir Lybius sends the faulcon to K. Arthur; and receives back a large present in florins.”

renew verb US /rɪˈnuː/

reestablish on a new, usually improved, basis or make new or like new

From this reading “Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.”

spends verb US /spendz/

third-person singular of “spend” — use up a period of time in a specific way

From this reading “Sir Lybius spends the night in the adjoining town: In the morning goes to challenge the faulcon.”

stays noun US /steɪz/

a woman's close-fitting foundation garment

From this reading “He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

spends the night verb + article + noun counted as “spend … night”

In this reading “Sir Lybius spends the night in the adjoining town: In the morning goes to challenge the faulcon.”

all comers adjective + noun counted as “all comer”

In this reading “Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.”

market place noun + noun

an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up

In this reading “The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.”

fairer lady adjective + noun counted as “fair lady”

In this reading “Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.”

In the morning preposition + article + noun counted as “in … morning”

In this reading “Sir Lybius spends the night in the adjoining town: In the morning goes to challenge the faulcon.”

carried home verb + noun counted as “carry home”

In this reading “They engage: the combat described at large: Sir Gefferon is incurably hurt; and carried home on his shield.”

in the market preposition + article + noun counted as “in … market”

In this reading “The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

40

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

adjoiningverbUS /əˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “adjoin” — lie adjacent to another or share a boundary

From this reading Sir Lybius spends the night in the adjoining town: In the morning goes to challenge the faulcon.

agreeverbUS /əˈɡriː/

be in accord; be in agreement

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

aloftadverbUS /əˈlɔːft/

at or on or to the masthead or upper rigging of a ship

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading Sir Lybius sends the faulcon to K. Arthur; and receives back a large present in florins.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They engage: the combat described at large: Sir Gefferon is incurably hurt; and carried home on his shield.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Sir Lybius sends the faulcon to K. Arthur; and receives back a large present in florins.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

belongsverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋz/

third-person singular of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading They engage: the combat described at large: Sir Gefferon is incurably hurt; and carried home on his shield.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

ceremoniesnounUS /ˈserəmoʊniz/

plural of “ceremony” — a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

chairsnounUS /tʃerz/

plural of “chair” — a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

challengeverbUS /ˈtʃæləndʒ/

take exception to

From this reading Sir Lybius spends the night in the adjoining town: In the morning goes to challenge the faulcon.

challengesnounUS /ˈtʃæləndʒɪz/

plural of “challenge” — a demanding or stimulating situation

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

combatnounUS /ˈkɑːmbæt/

an engagement fought between two military forces

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

comersnounUS /ˈkʌmərz/

plural of “comer” — someone with a promising future

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

curedadjectiveUS /kjʊrd/

freed from illness or injury

From this reading He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

dressesnounUS /ˈdresəz/

plural of “dress” — a one-piece garment for a woman; has skirt and bodice

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

dwarfnounUS /dwɔːrf/

a person who is markedly small

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

Ellen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

engageverbUS /enˈɡeɪdʒ/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading They engage: the combat described at large: Sir Gefferon is incurably hurt; and carried home on his shield.

exchangenounUS /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

faireradjectiveUS /ˈferər/

comparative of “fair” — free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

faulcon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

feastingnounUS /ˈfiːstɪŋ/

eating an elaborate meal (often accompanied by entertainment)

From this reading He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.

florins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sir Lybius sends the faulcon to K. Arthur; and receives back a large present in florins.

Gefferon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

Gefferon's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

glovesnounUS /ɡlʌvz/

plural of “glove” — the handwear used by fielders in playing baseball

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading Sir Lybius spends the night in the adjoining town: In the morning goes to challenge the faulcon.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading They engage: the combat described at large: Sir Gefferon is incurably hurt; and carried home on his shield.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

hurtverbUS /hɜːrt/

be the source of pain

From this reading They engage: the combat described at large: Sir Gefferon is incurably hurt; and carried home on his shield.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

incurablyadverb

to an incurable degree

From this reading They engage: the combat described at large: Sir Gefferon is incurably hurt; and carried home on his shield.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

KnounUS /keɪ/

the basic unit of thermodynamic temperature adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Sir Lybius sends the faulcon to K. Arthur; and receives back a large present in florins.

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading They engage: the combat described at large: Sir Gefferon is incurably hurt; and carried home on his shield.

lemman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

lordsnounUS /lɔːrdz/

plural of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.

loseverbUS /luːz/

fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

Lybius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

maidnounUS /meɪd/

a female domestic

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

marketnounUS /ˈmɑːrkət/

the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

milk-whiteadjective

of a white the color of fresh milk

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

mistressnounUS /ˈmɪstrəs/

an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Sir Lybius spends the night in the adjoining town: In the morning goes to challenge the faulcon.

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Sir Lybius spends the night in the adjoining town: In the morning goes to challenge the faulcon.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They engage: the combat described at large: Sir Gefferon is incurably hurt; and carried home on his shield.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

overcomeverbUS /ˈoʊvərkʌm/

win a victory over

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Sir Lybius sends the faulcon to K. Arthur; and receives back a large present in florins.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

produceverbUS /prəˈduːs/

bring forth or yield

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

receivesverbUS /rəˈsiːvz/

third-person singular of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading Sir Lybius sends the faulcon to K. Arthur; and receives back a large present in florins.

renewverbUS /rɪˈnuː/

reestablish on a new, usually improved, basis or make new or like new

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

rewardedverbUS /rɪˈwɔːrdɪd/

past form of “reward” — bestow honor or rewards upon

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

sendsverbUS /sendz/

third-person singular of “send” — cause to go somewhere

From this reading Sir Lybius sends the faulcon to K. Arthur; and receives back a large present in florins.

shieldnounUS /ʃiːld/

a protective covering or structure

From this reading They engage: the combat described at large: Sir Gefferon is incurably hurt; and carried home on his shield.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

spendsverbUS /spendz/

third-person singular of “spend” — use up a period of time in a specific way

From this reading Sir Lybius spends the night in the adjoining town: In the morning goes to challenge the faulcon.

staysnounUS /steɪz/

a woman's close-fitting foundation garment

From this reading He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.

stuckadjectiveUS /stʌk/

caught or fixed

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Sir Lybius spends the night in the adjoining town: In the morning goes to challenge the faulcon.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head.

woundsnounUS /wuːndz/

plural of “wound” — an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.

Chapter 6 of Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3) by Thomas [Editor] Percy holds 6 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3) contain?

Chapter 6 holds 6 sentences of Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3), unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3) by Thomas [Editor] Percy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 6 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3)?

Work through the 2 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 2 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #45941, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 338 minutes of reading across 813 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ordinary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ballad
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Delight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Common
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Volume 3 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.