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Reminiscences, 1819-1899
Reminiscences, 1819-1899

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Reminiscences, 1819-1899 is here in full — 177 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
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A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.
The Franco-Prussian war was little understood by the world at large.
To us in America its objects were entirely unknown.
On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.
For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Reminiscences, 1819-1899

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Reminiscences, 1819-1899 is here in full — 177 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.
/ə ˈwʊmənz piːs kruːˈseɪd aɪ hæd felt ə ɡreɪt ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃən tuː ˈluːɪs nəˈpoʊliən frʌm ðə ˈpɪriəd ʌv ðə ˈɪnfəməs ækt ʌv ˈtretʃ.ər.i ənd ˈvaɪələns wɪtʃ meɪd hɪm ˈempərər/
Line 2
The Franco-Prussian war was little understood by the world at large.
Line 3
To us in America its objects were entirely unknown.
/tuː ʌs ɪn əˈmerəkə ɪts ˈɑːbdʒekts wɜːr ɪnˈtaɪərli ənˈnoʊn/
Line 4
On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.
Line 5
For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

continual adjective US /kənˈtɪnjuːəl/

recurring regularly or frequently in a prolonged and closely spaced series

From this reading “On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.”

crusade noun US /kruːˈseɪd/

a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading “A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.”

defeats noun US /dɪˈfiːts/

plural of “defeat” — an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading “On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.”

grieved verb US /ɡriːvd/

past form of “grieve” — feel grief

From this reading “On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.”

infamous adjective US /ˈɪnfəməs/

known widely and usually unfavorably

From this reading “A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.”

sustained adjective US /səˈsteɪnd/

maintained at length without interruption or weakening

From this reading “On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.”

travesty noun US /ˈtrævəsti/

a comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations

From this reading “For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.”

treachery noun US /ˈtretʃ.ər.i/

Betrayal of trust; deceptive action or disloyalty against a host or ally.

From this reading “A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

general principles adjective + noun counted as “general principle”

In this reading “On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.”

entirely unknown adverb + adjective

In this reading “To us in America its objects were entirely unknown.”

go through verb + particle

undergo or live through a difficult experience

In this reading “For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.”

act of verb + particle

In this reading “A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading To us in America its objects were entirely unknown.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Franco-Prussian war was little understood by the world at large.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Franco-Prussian war was little understood by the world at large.

continualadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəl/

recurring regularly or frequently in a prolonged and closely spaced series

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

CRUSADEnounUS /kruːˈseɪd/

a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

defeatsnounUS /dɪˈfiːts/

plural of “defeat” — an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

emperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading To us in America its objects were entirely unknown.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

Franco-Prussian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Franco-Prussian war was little understood by the world at large.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

good-will

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

grievedverbUS /ɡriːvd/

past form of “grieve” — feel grief

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading To us in America its objects were entirely unknown.

infamousadjectiveUS /ˈɪnfəməs/

known widely and usually unfavorably

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading To us in America its objects were entirely unknown.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The Franco-Prussian war was little understood by the world at large.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The Franco-Prussian war was little understood by the world at large.

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading To us in America its objects were entirely unknown.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

oppositionnounUS /ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃən/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

PEACEnounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

soldierlyadjective

(of persons) befitting a warrior

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

sustainedadjectiveUS /səˈsteɪnd/

maintained at length without interruption or weakening

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

sympathynounUS /ˈsɪmpəθi/

an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

travestynounUS /ˈtrævəsti/

a comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

treacherynounUS /ˈtretʃ.ər.i/

Betrayal of trust; deceptive action or disloyalty against a host or ally.

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading The Franco-Prussian war was little understood by the world at large.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading To us in America its objects were entirely unknown.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading To us in America its objects were entirely unknown.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

violencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The Franco-Prussian war was little understood by the world at large.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Franco-Prussian war was little understood by the world at large.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading On general principles of good-will and sympathy we were as much grieved as surprised at the continual defeats sustained by the French.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading To us in America its objects were entirely unknown.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading For so brave and soldierly a nation to go through such a war without a single victory seemed a strange travesty of history.

WOMAN'SnounUS /ˈwʊmənz/

possessive form of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading A WOMAN'S PEACE CRUSADE I had felt a great opposition to Louis Napoleon from the period of the infamous act of treachery and violence which made him emperor.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The Franco-Prussian war was little understood by the world at large.

Chapter 16 of Reminiscences, 1819-1899 by Julia Ward Howe holds 177 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Reminiscences, 1819-1899 contain?

Chapter 16 holds 177 sentences of Reminiscences, 1819-1899, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Reminiscences, 1819-1899 by Julia Ward Howe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 177 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Reminiscences, 1819-1899?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 5388 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32603 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #32603, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 449 minutes of reading across 1078 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Reminiscences, 1819-1899

Words and structures a reader meets early in Reminiscences, 1819-1899, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Julia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reminiscences, 1819-1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sunset
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reminiscences, 1819-1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ridge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reminiscences, 1819-1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poems
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reminiscences, 1819-1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.