Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Renaissance literary theory and practice
Renaissance literary theory and practice

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Renaissance literary theory and practice is here in full — 332 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Renaissance literary theory and practice
Context Illustration Reading 1/66 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LATIN, GREEK, AND THE VERNACULARS 1.
HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.
On these terms Latin had had a progressive history as the literary language of western Europe.
Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.
More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Renaissance literary theory and practice

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Renaissance literary theory and practice is here in full — 332 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/66 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LATIN, GREEK, AND THE VERNACULARS 1.
Line 2
HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.
/ˌhjuːməˈnɪstɪk ˈlætən ðə ˈmɪdəl eɪdʒ hæd dɪˈveləpt ˈlætən staɪl ˈfriːli æz ə ˈmiːdiəm ʌv kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃən ənd ˈveriəsli æz ə ˈmiːdiəm ʌv ɪkˈspreʃən/
Line 3
On these terms Latin had had a progressive history as the literary language of western Europe.
/ɑːn ðiːz tɜːrmz ˈlætən hæd hæd ə prəˈɡresɪv ˈhɪstəri æz ðə ˈlɪtəreri ˈlæŋɡwədʒ ʌv ˈwestərn ˈjʊrəp/
Line 4
Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.
/ˈlætən rɪˈmeɪnd ðə ˈlɪtəreri ˈlæŋɡwədʒ fɔːr ɪˈræzməs ənd mɔːr ɪn ðə ˈɜːrli fɔːr bjuːˈkænən ˈiːvɪn ɪn ðə leɪt sɪkˈstiːnθ ˈsentʃəri/
Line 5
More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.
/mɔːr həˈbɪtʃuːəli kəmˈpoʊzd ɪn ˈlætən ˈiːvɪn wen hiː ment tuː biː ˈprɪntɪd ɪn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ɪˈræzməs ənd bjuːˈkænən boʊθ kəmˈpoʊzd ənd ˈpʌblɪʃt ɪn ˈlætən ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Buchanan noun US /bjuːˈkænən/

15th President of the United States (1791-1868)

From this reading “Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.”

Erasmus noun US /ɪˈræzməs/

Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe; although his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther (1466-1536)

From this reading “Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.”

exclusively adverb US /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/

without any others being included or involved

From this reading “More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.”

habitually adverb US /həˈbɪtʃuːəli/

according to habit or custom

From this reading “More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.”

humanistic adjective US /ˌhjuːməˈnɪstɪk/

of or pertaining to a philosophy asserting human dignity and man's capacity for fulfillment through reason and scientific method and often rejecting religion

From this reading “HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.”

progressive adjective US /prəˈɡresɪv/

favoring or promoting progress

From this reading “On these terms Latin had had a progressive history as the literary language of western Europe.”

sixteenth adjective US /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading “Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.”

variously adverb US /ˈveriəsli/

in diverse ways

From this reading “HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sixteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.”

Middle Age noun + noun

the time of life between youth and old age (e.g., between 40 and 60 years of age)

In this reading “HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LATIN, GREEK, AND THE VERNACULARS 1.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

AgenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading LATIN, GREEK, AND THE VERNACULARS 1.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.

BuchanannounUS /bjuːˈkænən/

15th President of the United States (1791-1868)

From this reading Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.

communicationnounUS /kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃən/

the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.

ErasmusnounUS /ɪˈræzməs/

Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe; although his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther (1466-1536)

From this reading Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading On these terms Latin had had a progressive history as the literary language of western Europe.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.

exclusivelyadverbUS /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/

without any others being included or involved

From this reading More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.

freelyadverbUS /ˈfriːli/

in a free manner

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

GREEKnounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading LATIN, GREEK, AND THE VERNACULARS 1.

habituallyadverbUS /həˈbɪtʃuːəli/

according to habit or custom

From this reading More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading On these terms Latin had had a progressive history as the literary language of western Europe.

HUMANISTICadjectiveUS /ˌhjuːməˈnɪstɪk/

of or pertaining to a philosophy asserting human dignity and man's capacity for fulfillment through reason and scientific method and often rejecting religion

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading On these terms Latin had had a progressive history as the literary language of western Europe.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.

LATINadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading LATIN, GREEK, AND THE VERNACULARS 1.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading On these terms Latin had had a progressive history as the literary language of western Europe.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.

mediumnounUS /ˈmiːdiəm/

a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

MiddlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

MoreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On these terms Latin had had a progressive history as the literary language of western Europe.

printedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.

progressiveadjectiveUS /prəˈɡresɪv/

favoring or promoting progress

From this reading On these terms Latin had had a progressive history as the literary language of western Europe.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.

sixteenthadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading Latin remained the literary language for Erasmus and More in the early, for Buchanan even in the late, sixteenth century.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading On these terms Latin had had a progressive history as the literary language of western Europe.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LATIN, GREEK, AND THE VERNACULARS 1.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading On these terms Latin had had a progressive history as the literary language of western Europe.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.

variouslyadverbUS /ˈveriəsli/

in diverse ways

From this reading HUMANISTIC LATIN The Middle Age had developed Latin style freely as a medium of communication and variously as a medium of expression.

VERNACULARS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LATIN, GREEK, AND THE VERNACULARS 1.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading On these terms Latin had had a progressive history as the literary language of western Europe.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading More habitually composed in Latin, even when he meant to be printed in English; Erasmus and Buchanan both composed and published in Latin exclusively.

Chapter 2 of Renaissance literary theory and practice by Charles Sears Baldwin holds 332 sentences, grouped into 67 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Renaissance literary theory and practice contain?

Chapter 2 holds 332 sentences of Renaissance literary theory and practice, unabridged, divided into 67 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Renaissance literary theory and practice by Charles Sears Baldwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 332 sentences, grouped into 67 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Renaissance literary theory and practice?

Work through the 67 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 67 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Renaissance literary theory and practice

Common questions about reading Renaissance literary theory and practice by Charles Sears Baldwin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Renaissance literary theory and practice?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Renaissance literary theory and practice is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Renaissance literary theory and practice take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Renaissance literary theory and practice section by section

How to work through Renaissance literary theory and practice section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Renaissance literary theory and practice to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Renaissance literary theory and practice

Words and structures a reader meets early in Renaissance literary theory and practice, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Renaissance literary theory and practice, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Renaissance literary theory and practice, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Renaissance literary theory and practice, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.