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Renaissance literary theory and practice
Renaissance literary theory and practice

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Renaissance literary theory and practice is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
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ESSAYS 1.
DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.
Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.
Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.
The policy and the culture are parts of the same Italian world; but the two books are in sharpest contrast.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Renaissance literary theory and practice

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Renaissance literary theory and practice is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ESSAYS 1.
Line 2
DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.
/dɪˈskʌʃənz ɑːn ˈpɑːlətɪks ənd səˈsaɪəti tuː ˌɪˈtæljən bʊks ʌv ðə ˈɜːrli sɪkˈstiːnθ ˈsentʃəri bɪˈkeɪm soʊ ˈfeɪməs æz tuː biː ˈɔːlmoʊst prəˈvɜːrbiəl/
Line 3
Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.
Line 4
Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.
Line 5
The policy and the culture are parts of the same Italian world; but the two books are in sharpest contrast.
/ðə ˈpɑːləsi ənd ðə ˈkʌltʃər ɑːr pɑːrts ʌv ðə seɪm ˌɪˈtæljən wɜːrld bʌt ðə tuː bʊks ɑːr ɪn ˈʃɑːrpəst ˈkɑːntræst/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

complementary adjective US /ˌkɑːmpləˈmentri/

of words or propositions so related that each is the negation of the other

From this reading “Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.”

discussions noun US /dɪˈskʌʃənz/

plural of “discussion” — an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading “DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.”

expounds verb US /ɪkˈspaʊndz/

third-person singular of “expound” — add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing

From this reading “Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.”

princely adjective US /ˈprɪnsli/

ostentatiously rich and superior in quality

From this reading “Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.”

Principe noun US /prinˈtʃiːpi/

an island in the Gulf of Guinea that is part of Sao Tome and Principe

proverbial adjective US /prəˈvɜːrbiəl/

of or relating to or resembling or expressed in a proverb

From this reading “DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.”

sharpest adjective US /ˈʃɑːrpəst/

superlative of “sharp” — (of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading “The policy and the culture are parts of the same Italian world; but the two books are in sharpest contrast.”

sixteenth adjective US /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading “DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sixteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.”

sharpest contrast adjective + noun counted as “sharp contrast”

In this reading “The policy and the culture are parts of the same Italian world; but the two books are in sharpest contrast.”

same time adjective + noun

In this reading “Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ESSAYS 1.

1513

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.

1514

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The policy and the culture are parts of the same Italian world; but the two books are in sharpest contrast.

Castiglione

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

Castiglione's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

complementaryadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːmpləˈmentri/

of words or propositions so related that each is the negation of the other

From this reading Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading The policy and the culture are parts of the same Italian world; but the two books are in sharpest contrast.

Cortegiano

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.

culturenounUS /ˈkʌltʃər/

a particular society at a particular time and place

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

DISCUSSIONSnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃənz/

plural of “discussion” — an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

ESSAYSnounUS /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading ESSAYS 1.

expoundsverbUS /ɪkˈspaʊndz/

third-person singular of “expound” — add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

leadsnounUS /liːdz/

plural of “lead” — an advantage held by a competitor in a race

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

leisurenounUS /ˈleʒər/

time available for ease and relaxation

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

Macchiavelli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

Macchiavelli's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading The policy and the culture are parts of the same Italian world; but the two books are in sharpest contrast.

policynounUS /ˈpɑːləsi/

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

POLITICSnounUS /ˈpɑːlətɪks/

social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

princelyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪnsli/

ostentatiously rich and superior in quality

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

PrincipenounUS /prinˈtʃiːpi/

an island in the Gulf of Guinea that is part of Sao Tome and Principe

From this reading Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.

proverbialadjectiveUS /prəˈvɜːrbiəl/

of or relating to or resembling or expressed in a proverb

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.

sharpestadjectiveUS /ˈʃɑːrpəst/

superlative of “sharp” — (of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading The policy and the culture are parts of the same Italian world; but the two books are in sharpest contrast.

sixteenthadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

SOCIETYnounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

truces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading DISCUSSIONS ON POLITICS AND SOCIETY Two Italian books of the early sixteenth century became so famous as to be almost proverbial.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

warsnounUS /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Macchiavelli expounds princely policy in war and in the truces between wars; Castiglione leads princely leisure into culture.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The policy and the culture are parts of the same Italian world; but the two books are in sharpest contrast.

WrittenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading Written about the same time, Macchiavelli’s _Principe_ (1513) and Castiglione’s _Cortegiano_ (1514) are complementary.

Chapter 9 of Renaissance literary theory and practice by Charles Sears Baldwin holds 425 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Renaissance literary theory and practice contain?

Chapter 9 holds 425 sentences of Renaissance literary theory and practice, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Renaissance literary theory and practice by Charles Sears Baldwin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 425 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Renaissance literary theory and practice?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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