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Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4)
Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4)

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4) is here in full — 395 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4)
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_, bold text in =equals signs=.
Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.
Endnotes use numbers within brackets and will be found after the last chapter of the book.
A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.
Edited by Charles K. Adams, President of the University of Wisconsin.
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Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4)

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4) is here in full — 395 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_, bold text in =equals signs=.
/aɪˈtælɪk tekst ɪz enˈkloʊzd ɪn ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz boʊld tekst ɪn ˈiːkwəlz saɪnz/
Line 2
Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.
/ˈfʊtnoʊts juːs ˈletərz wɪˈðɪn ˈbrækəts ənd wɪl biː faʊnd ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ðə ˈpærəɡræfs ðæt rəˈfɜːr tuː ðem/
Line 3
Endnotes use numbers within brackets and will be found after the last chapter of the book.
Line 4
A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.
/ə səˈlekʃən ʌv ðə mɔːr ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt ənd ˌreprəˈzentətɪv pəˈlɪtəkəl ˈæˈdresɪz ʌv ðə pæst tuː ˈsentʃəriz wɪð ˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl noʊts ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈkɑːment pəˈlɪtəkəl ˌɔːrəˈtɔːrəkəl ənd ˈlɪtəreri ˈestəmət/
Line 5
Edited by Charles K. Adams, President of the University of Wisconsin.
/ˈedətəd baɪ tʃɑːrlz keɪ ˈædəmz ˈprezədent ʌv ðə ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti ʌv wɪˈskɑːnsən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

biographical adjective US /ˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to or being biography

From this reading “A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.”

brackets noun US /ˈbrækəts/

plural of “bracket” — a category falling within certain defined limits

From this reading “Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.”

equals noun US /ˈiːkwəlz/

plural of “equal” — a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading “Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_, bold text in =equals signs=.”

Italic noun US /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading “Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_, bold text in =equals signs=.”

oratorical adjective US /ˌɔːrəˈtɔːrəkəl/

characteristic of an orator or oratory

From this reading “A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.”

paragraphs noun US /ˈpærəɡræfs/

plural of “paragraph” — one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line

From this reading “Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.”

underscores noun US /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

Wisconsin noun US /wɪˈskɑːnsən/

a tributary of the Mississippi River in Wisconsin

From this reading “Edited by Charles K. Adams, President of the University of Wisconsin.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

last chapter adjective + noun

In this reading “Endnotes use numbers within brackets and will be found after the last chapter of the book.”

two centuries noun + noun counted as “two century”

In this reading “A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.”

past two noun + noun

In this reading “A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

AdamsnounUS /ˈædəmz/

American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)

From this reading Edited by Charles K. Adams, President of the University of Wisconsin.

addressesnounUS /ˈæˈdresɪz/

plural of “address” — (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Endnotes use numbers within brackets and will be found after the last chapter of the book.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

biographicaladjectiveUS /ˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to or being biography

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_, bold text in =equals signs=.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Endnotes use numbers within brackets and will be found after the last chapter of the book.

bracketsnounUS /ˈbrækəts/

plural of “bracket” — a category falling within certain defined limits

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Edited by Charles K. Adams, President of the University of Wisconsin.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading Endnotes use numbers within brackets and will be found after the last chapter of the book.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading Edited by Charles K. Adams, President of the University of Wisconsin.

commentnounUS /ˈkɑːment/

a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

EditedadjectiveUS /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading Edited by Charles K. Adams, President of the University of Wisconsin.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_, bold text in =equals signs=.

Endnotes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Endnotes use numbers within brackets and will be found after the last chapter of the book.

equalsnounUS /ˈiːkwəlz/

plural of “equal” — a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_, bold text in =equals signs=.

estimatenounUS /ˈestəmət/

an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

FootnotesnounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊts/

plural of “footnote” — a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_, bold text in =equals signs=.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_, bold text in =equals signs=.

ItalicnounUS /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_, bold text in =equals signs=.

KnounUS /keɪ/

the basic unit of thermodynamic temperature adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Edited by Charles K. Adams, President of the University of Wisconsin.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Endnotes use numbers within brackets and will be found after the last chapter of the book.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

notesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading Endnotes use numbers within brackets and will be found after the last chapter of the book.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Endnotes use numbers within brackets and will be found after the last chapter of the book.

oratoricaladjectiveUS /ˌɔːrəˈtɔːrəkəl/

characteristic of an orator or oratory

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

paragraphsnounUS /ˈpærəɡræfs/

plural of “paragraph” — one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

PresidentnounUS /ˈprezədent/

an executive officer of a firm or corporation

From this reading Edited by Charles K. Adams, President of the University of Wisconsin.

referverbUS /rəˈfɜːr/

make reference to

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

representativenounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪv/

a person who represents others

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

selectionnounUS /səˈlekʃən/

the act of choosing or selecting

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_, bold text in =equals signs=.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_, bold text in =equals signs=.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

underscoresnounUS /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading Italic text is enclosed in _underscores_, bold text in =equals signs=.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading Edited by Charles K. Adams, President of the University of Wisconsin.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

WisconsinnounUS /wɪˈskɑːnsən/

a tributary of the Mississippi River in Wisconsin

From this reading Edited by Charles K. Adams, President of the University of Wisconsin.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A selection of the more important and representative political addresses of the past two centuries, with biographical notes, critical comment, political, oratorical, and literary estimate.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Footnotes use letters within brackets and will be found following the paragraphs that refer to them.

Chapter 1 of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4) by John B. (John Berry) [Editor] Alden holds 395 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4) contain?

Chapter 1 holds 395 sentences of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4), unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4) by John B. (John Berry) [Editor] Alden exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 395 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4)?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4)

Common questions about reading Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4) by John B. (John Berry) [Editor] Alden on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4)?

Yes. All 2780 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58102 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58102, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4) take to read?

About 231 minutes of reading across 556 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4) section by section

How to work through Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative British Orations Volume 4 (of 4); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.