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Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare
Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;
_After_ an outcry.
These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.
The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.
On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;
/æt ðə trænˈzɪʃən frʌm wʌn fɔːrm ʌv ˈʌtərəns tuː əˈnʌðər ðə səˈpreʃən ʌv wɜːrd ɔːr wɜːrdz ˌʌndərˈstʊd ðə ɡʌlp ʌv reɪdʒ ðə bɜːrst ʌv ˈlæftər/
Line 2
_After_ an outcry.
/ˈæftər æn ˈaʊtkraɪ/
Line 3
These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.
/ðiːz kənˈkluːʒənz ɑːr kənˈfɜːrmd baɪ æn ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən ʌv ðə ˈʌðər pleɪz ɪn wɪtʃ ðə tekst ɪz ˈferli əˈθentɪk/
Line 4
The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.
/ðə ˈdrɑːmətɪst ˈnætʃərəli ənd ɪn ðæt sens ˌɪnˈtenʃənəli ˈsuːtɪd hɪz laɪnz tuː ðə ˌhɪstriˈɑːnɪk ɪˈmɜːrdʒənsi æn əˈtʃiːvmənt nɑːt ˈdɪfəkəlt fɔːr wʌn ʌv hɪz rɪˈtɔːrɪkəl ˈkwɑːləti huː wɑːz ˈɔːlsoʊ fəˈmɪljər wɪð ðə ˈpræktəs ʌv ðə steɪdʒ/
Line 5
On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

authentic adjective US /əˈθentɪk/

conforming to fact and therefore worthy of belief

From this reading “These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.”

dramatist noun US /ˈdrɑːmətɪst/

someone who writes plays

From this reading “The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.”

gulp verb US /ɡʌlp/

to swallow hurriedly or greedily or in one draught

From this reading “_At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;”

histrionic adjective US /ˌhɪstriˈɑːnɪk/

characteristic of acting or a stage performance; often affected

From this reading “The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.”

intentionally adverb US /ˌɪnˈtenʃənəli/

with intention; in an intentional manner

From this reading “The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.”

rhetorical adjective US /rɪˈtɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to rhetoric

From this reading “The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.”

suppression noun US /səˈpreʃən/

the failure to develop some part or organ

From this reading “_At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;”

transition noun US /trænˈzɪʃən/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading “_At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at the time preposition + article + noun counted as “at … time”

simultaneously

In this reading “On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

achievementnounUS /əˈtʃiːvmənt/

the action of accomplishing something

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading _After_ an outcry.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading _After_ an outcry.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

authenticadjectiveUS /əˈθentɪk/

conforming to fact and therefore worthy of belief

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

burstverbUS /bɜːrst/

come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

conclusionsnounUS /kənˈkluːʒənz/

plural of “conclusion” — a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

confirmedadjectiveUS /kənˈfɜːrmd/

of persons; not subject to change

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

defendedverbUS /dɪˈfendəd/

past form of “defend” — argue or speak in defense of

From this reading On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

dramatistnounUS /ˈdrɑːmətɪst/

someone who writes plays

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

emergencynounUS /ɪˈmɜːrdʒənsi/

a sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving danger) that requires immediate action

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

examinationnounUS /ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən/

the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

groundsnounUS /ɡraʊndz/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

gulpverbUS /ɡʌlp/

to swallow hurriedly or greedily or in one draught

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

histrionicadjectiveUS /ˌhɪstriˈɑːnɪk/

characteristic of acting or a stage performance; often affected

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

intentionallyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈtenʃənəli/

with intention; in an intentional manner

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

laughternounUS /ˈlæftər/

the sound of laughing

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

likewiseadverbUS /ˈlaɪkwaɪz/

in like or similar manner

From this reading On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

outcrynounUS /ˈaʊtkraɪ/

a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

From this reading _After_ an outcry.

playsnounUS /pleɪz/

plural of “play” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

practicenounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

qualitynounUS /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

ragenounUS /reɪdʒ/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

retainedadjectiveUS /rɪˈteɪnd/

continued in your keeping or use or memory

From this reading On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

rhetoricaladjectiveUS /rɪˈtɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to rhetoric

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

senarii

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

suitedadjectiveUS /ˈsuːtɪd/

meant or adapted for an occasion or use

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

suppressionnounUS /səˈpreʃən/

the failure to develop some part or organ

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

transitionnounUS /trænˈzɪʃən/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

utterancenounUS /ˈʌtərəns/

the use of uttered sounds for auditory communication

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

versenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading On similar grounds and with a regard likewise for the conditions of verse at the time, his senarii are to be retained and defended.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading These conclusions are confirmed by an examination of the other plays in which the text is fairly authentic.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The dramatist naturally and, in that sense, intentionally suited his 'lines' to the histrionic emergency: an achievement not difficult for one of his rhetorical quality, who was also familiar with the practice of the stage.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading _At_ the transition from one form of utterance to another, the suppression of word or words understood, the gulp of rage, the burst of laughter;

Chapter 31 of Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare by Charles Mills [Editor] Gayley holds 418 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to contain?

Chapter 31 holds 418 sentences of Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare by Charles Mills [Editor] Gayley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 418 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare

Common questions about reading Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare by Charles Mills [Editor] Gayley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 15004 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49710 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #49710, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 3001 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare

Words and structures a reader meets early in Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Changes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Found
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mills
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative English Comedies, V. 1. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.