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Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da
Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da is here in full — 382 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da
Context Illustration Reading 1/76 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.
_Inferno, v.
75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.
These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."
These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da is here in full — 382 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/76 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.
Line 2
_Inferno, v.
/ˌɪnˈfɜːrnoʊ viː/
Line 3
75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.
Line 4
These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."
Line 5
These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bayard noun US /ˈbeɪərd/

French soldier said to be fearless and chivalrous (1473-1524)

From this reading “These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."”

coterie noun US /ˈkoʊtəri/

an exclusive circle of people with a common purpose

From this reading “75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.”

dante noun US /ˈdɑːnteɪ/

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)

From this reading “Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.”

embedded adjective US /emˈbedɪd/

enclosed firmly in a surrounding mass

From this reading “These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."”

friendships noun US /ˈfrendʃɪps/

plural of “friendship” — the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading “75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.”

Inferno noun US /ˌɪnˈfɜːrnoʊ/

any place of pain and turmoil

output noun US /ˈaʊtpʊt/

final product; the things produced

From this reading “These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.”

worshippers noun US /ˈwɜːrʃɪpərz/

plural of “worshipper” — a person who has religious faith

From this reading “75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

75

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

aspectsnounUS /ˈæspekts/

plural of “aspect” — a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

awaitverbUS /əˈweɪt/

look forward to the probable occurrence of

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

BayardnounUS /ˈbeɪərd/

French soldier said to be fearless and chivalrous (1473-1524)

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

Boker

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

Boker's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

Breitmann

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

coterienounUS /ˈkoʊtəri/

an exclusive circle of people with a common purpose

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

DANTEnounUS /ˈdɑːnteɪ/

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)

From this reading Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

enounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

embeddedadjectiveUS /emˈbedɪd/

enclosed firmly in a surrounding mass

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

familiarlyadverb

in an intimately familiar manner

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

fanno

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

Francesca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.

friendshipsnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪps/

plural of “friendship” — the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

Godfrey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

HansnounUS /hɑːns/

plural of “han” — imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

ipronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.

impressionsnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃənz/

plural of “impression” — a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

InfernonounUS /ˌɪnˈfɜːrnoʊ/

any place of pain and turmoil

From this reading _Inferno, v.

inseparables

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

intentlyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈtentli/

with strained or eager attention

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

lagrimar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

Leland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

martiri

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

minounUS /miː/

destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle

From this reading Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

other's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

outputnounUS /ˈaʊtpʊt/

final product; the things produced

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

periodsnounUS /ˈpɪriədz/

plural of “period” — an amount of time

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

pio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.

pleasingadjectiveUS /ˈpliːzɪŋ/

giving pleasure and satisfaction

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

pledgedadjectiveUS /pledʒd/

bound by or as if by an oath

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

pursuitnounUS /pərˈsuːt/

the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

seq

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

shrinenounUS /ʃraɪn/

a place of worship hallowed by association with some sacred thing or person

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

Stoddard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

suggestsverbUS /səˈdʒests/

third-person singular of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

SundaysnounUS /ˈsʌndeɪz/

plural of “sunday” — first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

talksnounUS /tɔːks/

a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

TaylornounUS /ˈteɪlər/

United States composer and music critic (1885-1966)

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

temperamentnounUS /ˈtemprəmənt/

your usual mood

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

triato

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.

tuoi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francesca, i tuoi martiri a lagrimar mi fanno triato e pio.--DANTE.

vnounUS /viː/

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading _Inferno, v.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading These men, in the pages of whose published letters and impressions are embedded many pleasing aspects of Boker's temperament and character, were Bayard Taylor, Richard Henry Stoddard, and Charles Godfrey Leland, the latter known familiarly in American literature as "Hans Breitmann."

worshippersnounUS /ˈwɜːrʃɪpərz/

plural of “worshipper” — a person who has religious faith

From this reading 75 seq._ The name of George Henry Boker suggests a coterie of friendships--a group of men pledged to the pursuit of letters, and worshippers at the shrine of poetry.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading These four, in different periods of their lives, might have been called "the inseparables"--so closely did they watch each other's development, so intently did they await each other's literary output, and write poetry to each other, and meet at Boker's, now and again, for golden talks on Sundays.

Chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da by George H. (George Henry) Boker holds 382 sentences, grouped into 77 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da contain?

Chapter 1 holds 382 sentences of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da, unabridged, divided into 77 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da by George H. (George Henry) Boker exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 382 sentences, grouped into 77 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da?

Work through the 77 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 77 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da

Common questions about reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da by George H. (George Henry) Boker on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da?

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Which edition of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da section by section

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Vocabulary met early in Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da

Words and structures a reader meets early in Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.