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Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da
Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da is here in full — 390 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da
Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PAOLO.
My dagger frets me; let me take it off.
[_Rises._] In thoughts of love, we'll lay our weapons by.
[_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.
[_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da is here in full — 390 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PAOLO.
Line 2
My dagger frets me; let me take it off.
/maɪ ˈdæɡ.ər frets miː let miː teɪk ɪt ɔːf/
Line 3
[_Rises._] In thoughts of love, we'll lay our weapons by.
Line 4
[_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.
Line 5
[_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cloudy adjective US /ˈklaʊdi/

lacking definite form or limits

From this reading “[_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.”

dagger noun US /ˈdæɡ.ər/

A short knife with a pointed and edged blade, used as a stealth weapon.

From this reading “My dagger frets me; let me take it off.”

descending adjective US /dɪˈsendɪŋ/

coming down or downward

From this reading “[_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.”

frets noun US /frets/

plural of “fret” — agitation resulting from active worry

From this reading “My dagger frets me; let me take it off.”

Lancelot noun US /ˈlænsəlɑːt/

(Arthurian legend) one of the knights of the Round Table; friend of King Arthur until (according to some versions of the legend) he became the lover of Arthur's wife Guinevere

From this reading “[_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.”

Lays noun US /leɪz/

plural of “lay” — a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

Reads noun US /riːdz/

plural of “read” — something that is read

Rises noun US /ˈraɪzəz/

plural of “rise” — a growth in strength or number or importance

All words in this reading · 49

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading [_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading [_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading [_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.

blazenounUS /bleɪz/

a strong flame that burns brightly

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading [_Rises._] In thoughts of love, we'll lay our weapons by.

closeradverbUS /ˈkloʊsər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading [_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.

cloudyadjectiveUS /ˈklaʊdi/

lacking definite form or limits

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

daggernounUS /ˈdæɡ.ər/

A short knife with a pointed and edged blade, used as a stealth weapon.

From this reading My dagger frets me; let me take it off.

descendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈsendɪŋ/

coming down or downward

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

DrawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading [_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.

forgotverbUS /fərˈɡɑːt/

inflected form of “forget” — dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

fretsnounUS /frets/

plural of “fret” — agitation resulting from active worry

From this reading My dagger frets me; let me take it off.

Guenevra

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading [_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading [_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [_Rises._] In thoughts of love, we'll lay our weapons by.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading My dagger frets me; let me take it off.

LancelotnounUS /ˈlænsəlɑːt/

(Arthurian legend) one of the knights of the Round Table; friend of King Arthur until (according to some versions of the legend) he became the lover of Arthur's wife Guinevere

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading [_Rises._] In thoughts of love, we'll lay our weapons by.

LaysnounUS /leɪz/

plural of “lay” — a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading [_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading My dagger frets me; let me take it off.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading [_Rises._] In thoughts of love, we'll lay our weapons by.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading My dagger frets me; let me take it off.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My dagger frets me; let me take it off.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [_Rises._] In thoughts of love, we'll lay our weapons by.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading My dagger frets me; let me take it off.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading [_Rises._] In thoughts of love, we'll lay our weapons by.

PAOLO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PAOLO.

ReadsnounUS /riːdz/

plural of “read” — something that is read

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

RisesnounUS /ˈraɪzəz/

plural of “rise” — a growth in strength or number or importance

From this reading [_Rises._] In thoughts of love, we'll lay our weapons by.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

sitsverbUS /sɪts/

third-person singular of “sit” — be seated

From this reading [_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

splendours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading My dagger frets me; let me take it off.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading [_Rises._] In thoughts of love, we'll lay our weapons by.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.

UnderprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading [_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.

we'll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [_Rises._] In thoughts of love, we'll lay our weapons by.

weakadjectiveUS /wiːk/

wanting in physical strength

From this reading [_Lays aside his dagger, and sits again._] Draw closer: I am weak in voice to-day.

weaponsnounUS /ˈwepənz/

plural of “weapon” — any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading [_Rises._] In thoughts of love, we'll lay our weapons by.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading [_Reads_] "So sat Guenevra and Sir Lancelot, Under the blaze of the descending sun, But all his cloudy splendours were forgot.

Chapter 9 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da by George H. (George Henry) Boker holds 390 sentences, grouped into 78 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da contain?

Chapter 9 holds 390 sentences of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da, unabridged, divided into 78 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da by George H. (George Henry) Boker exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 390 sentences, grouped into 78 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da?

Work through the 78 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 78 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da

Common questions about reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da by George H. (George Henry) Boker on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da

Words and structures a reader meets early in Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Francesca da, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.