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Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction
Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction is here in full — 396 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
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Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.
The present volume of "Representative Plays by American Dramatists" includes many hitherto unpublished manuscripts.
These are for the first time made available in authoritative form to the student of the American theatre.
The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.
Exactions of copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction is here in full — 396 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.
Line 2
The present volume of "Representative Plays by American Dramatists" includes many hitherto unpublished manuscripts.
Line 3
These are for the first time made available in authoritative form to the student of the American theatre.
/ðiːz ɑːr fɔːr ðə fɜːrst taɪm meɪd əˈveɪləbəl ɪn əˈθɔːrəteɪtɪv fɔːrm tuː ðə ˈstuːdənt ʌv ðə əˈmerəkən ˈθiːətər/
Line 4
The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.
/ðə ˈedətər hæz traɪd kənˈsɪstəntli tuː ədˈhɪr tuː hɪz ərˈɪdʒənəl ˈbeɪsəs ʌv səˈlekʃən tuː ˈɔːfər ˈoʊnli ðoʊz teksts nɑːt ˈdʒenərəli ɪn ˈsɜːrkjəleɪʃən ənd nɑːt juːzd ˈelswer ɪn ˈʌðər ænˈθɑːlədʒiz/
Line 5
Exactions of copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule.
/ɪɡˈzækʃənz ʌv ˈkɑːpiraɪt hæv səmˈtaɪmz kəmˈpeld hɪm tuː dɪˈpɑːrt frʌm ðɪs ruːl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adhere verb US /ədˈhɪr/

be compatible or in accordance with

From this reading “The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.”

anthologies noun US /ænˈθɑːlədʒiz/

plural of “anthology” — a collection of selected literary passages

From this reading “The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.”

beholden adjective US /bɪˈhoʊldən/

under a moral obligation to someone

From this reading “Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.”

consistently adverb US /kənˈsɪstəntli/

in a systematic or consistent manner

From this reading “The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.”

Edited adjective US /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading “Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.”

Exactions noun US /ɪɡˈzækʃənz/

plural of “exaction” — act of demanding or levying by force or authority

From this reading “Exactions of copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule.”

includes verb US /ˌɪnˈkluːdz/

third-person singular of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading “The present volume of "Representative Plays by American Dramatists" includes many hitherto unpublished manuscripts.”

unpublished adjective US /ənˈpʌblɪʃt/

not published

From this reading “The present volume of "Representative Plays by American Dramatists" includes many hitherto unpublished manuscripts.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adhereverbUS /ədˈhɪr/

be compatible or in accordance with

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

anthologiesnounUS /ænˈθɑːlədʒiz/

plural of “anthology” — a collection of selected literary passages

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

authoritativeadjectiveUS /əˈθɔːrəteɪtɪv/

having authority or ascendancy or influence

From this reading These are for the first time made available in authoritative form to the student of the American theatre.

availableadjectiveUS /əˈveɪləbəl/

obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service

From this reading These are for the first time made available in authoritative form to the student of the American theatre.

basisnounUS /ˈbeɪsəs/

a relation that provides the foundation for something

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

beholdenadjectiveUS /bɪˈhoʊldən/

under a moral obligation to someone

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

circulationnounUS /ˈsɜːrkjəleɪʃən/

the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading Exactions of copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule.

consistentlyadverbUS /kənˈsɪstəntli/

in a systematic or consistent manner

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

copyrightnounUS /ˈkɑːpiraɪt/

a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work

From this reading Exactions of copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule.

CriticsnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪks/

plural of “critic” — a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

departverbUS /dɪˈpɑːrt/

move away from a place into another direction

From this reading Exactions of copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule.

Dramatists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

EachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

EditedadjectiveUS /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

EditornounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

elsewhereadverbUS /ˈelswer/

in or to another place

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

ExactionsnounUS /ɪɡˈzækʃənz/

plural of “exaction” — act of demanding or levying by force or authority

From this reading Exactions of copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading These are for the first time made available in authoritative form to the student of the American theatre.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading These are for the first time made available in authoritative form to the student of the American theatre.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading These are for the first time made available in authoritative form to the student of the American theatre.

FriendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Exactions of copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Exactions of copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Exactions of copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading The present volume of "Representative Plays by American Dramatists" includes many hitherto unpublished manuscripts.

IllustratedverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪtəd/

past form of “illustrate” — clarify by giving an example of

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading These are for the first time made available in authoritative form to the student of the American theatre.

includesverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdz/

third-person singular of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading The present volume of "Representative Plays by American Dramatists" includes many hitherto unpublished manuscripts.

IntroductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading These are for the first time made available in authoritative form to the student of the American theatre.

manuscriptsnounUS /ˈmænjəskrɪpts/

plural of “manuscript” — the form of a literary work submitted for publication

From this reading The present volume of "Representative Plays by American Dramatists" includes many hitherto unpublished manuscripts.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The present volume of "Representative Plays by American Dramatists" includes many hitherto unpublished manuscripts.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

offerverbUS /ˈɔːfər/

make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

OriginaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

PlayverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

Playbills

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

PlaysnounUS /pleɪz/

plural of “play” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

PortraitsnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrəts/

plural of “portrait” — a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The present volume of "Representative Plays by American Dramatists" includes many hitherto unpublished manuscripts.

RepresentativenounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪv/

a person who represents others

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading Exactions of copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule.

selectionnounUS /səˈlekʃən/

the act of choosing or selecting

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Exactions of copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule.

studentnounUS /ˈstuːdənt/

a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading These are for the first time made available in authoritative form to the student of the American theatre.

textsnounUS /teksts/

plural of “text” — the words of something written

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

TheatrenounUS /ˈθiːətər/

a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These are for the first time made available in authoritative form to the student of the American theatre.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Exactions of copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading These are for the first time made available in authoritative form to the student of the American theatre.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

unpublishedadjectiveUS /ənˈpʌblɪʃt/

not published

From this reading The present volume of "Representative Plays by American Dramatists" includes many hitherto unpublished manuscripts.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading The present volume of "Representative Plays by American Dramatists" includes many hitherto unpublished manuscripts.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play Illustrated with Portraits, and Original Playbills Friend of the American Theatre To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden.

Chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction by Montrose Jonas Moses holds 396 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction contain?

Chapter 1 holds 396 sentences of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction by Montrose Jonas Moses exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 396 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction

Common questions about reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction by Montrose Jonas Moses on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction?

Yes. All 788 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12038 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12038, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction take to read?

About 65 minutes of reading across 158 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction section by section

How to work through Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction

Words and structures a reader meets early in Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Representative
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plays
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dramatists
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Introduction; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.