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Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76
Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76 is here in full — 489 sentences across 98 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76
Context Illustration Reading 8/97 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.
The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.
His better mood was to be met with in his discussion of the players of Ellen Tree's type.
Here are his words of censure against the new order:
"If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76 is here in full — 489 sentences across 98 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 8/97 · 5 reading units · Lines 36–40

Line 1
In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.
/ɪn ˈʌðər wɜːrdz bʌns fɔːt hɑːrd əˈɡenst ðə enˈkroʊtʃmənt ʌv ðə nuː taɪmz əˈpɑːn ðə ˈæktɪŋ ʌv hɪz ˈɜːrli ˈθiːətər deɪz/
Line 2
The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.
Line 3
His better mood was to be met with in his discussion of the players of Ellen Tree's type.
Line 4
Here are his words of censure against the new order:
/hiːr ɑːr hɪz wɜːrdz ʌv ˈsenʃər əˈɡenst ðə nuː ˈɔːrdər/
Line 5
"If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....
/ɪf wiː oʊld faɪlz ɑːr tuː biː bɪˈliːvd ðə ɑːrt ʌv ˈæktɪŋ ɪz ˈdaɪɪŋ aʊt ənd ðə ˈveri trəˈdɪʃən ʌv ðə steɪdʒ ˌdɪsəˈpɪrɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bunce noun US /bʌns/

a sudden happening that brings good fortune (as a sudden opportunity to make money)

From this reading “In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.”

censure noun US /ˈsenʃər/

harsh criticism or disapproval

From this reading “Here are his words of censure against the new order:”

disappearing noun US /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrɪŋ/

the act of leaving secretly or without explanation

From this reading “"If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....”

encroachment noun US /enˈkroʊtʃmənt/

any entry into an area not previously occupied

From this reading “In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.”

epitome noun US /ɪˈpɪtəmi/

a standard or typical example

From this reading “The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.”

files noun US /faɪlz/

plural of “file” — a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together

From this reading “"If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....”

players noun US /ˈpleɪərz/

plural of “player” — a person who participates in or is skilled at some game

From this reading “His better mood was to be met with in his discussion of the players of Ellen Tree's type.”

tradition noun US /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading “"If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1869

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.

actingnounUS /ˈæktɪŋ/

the performance of a part or role in a drama

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....

Appleton's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Here are his words of censure against the new order:

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading "If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....

attitudenounUS /ˈætətuːd/

a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading "If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading His better mood was to be met with in his discussion of the players of Ellen Tree's type.

BuncenounUS /bʌns/

a sudden happening that brings good fortune (as a sudden opportunity to make money)

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

censurenounUS /ˈsenʃər/

harsh criticism or disapproval

From this reading Here are his words of censure against the new order:

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

disappearingnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrɪŋ/

the act of leaving secretly or without explanation

From this reading "If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....

discussionnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃən/

an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading His better mood was to be met with in his discussion of the players of Ellen Tree's type.

dyingadjectiveUS /ˈdaɪɪŋ/

in or associated with the process of passing from life or ceasing to be

From this reading "If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

Ellen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His better mood was to be met with in his discussion of the players of Ellen Tree's type.

encroachmentnounUS /enˈkroʊtʃmənt/

any entry into an area not previously occupied

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

epitomenounUS /ɪˈpɪtəmi/

a standard or typical example

From this reading The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.

filesnounUS /faɪlz/

plural of “file” — a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together

From this reading "If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here are his words of censure against the new order:

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading "If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.

JournalnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrnəl/

a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading His better mood was to be met with in his discussion of the players of Ellen Tree's type.

moodnounUS /muːd/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading His better mood was to be met with in his discussion of the players of Ellen Tree's type.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading "If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....

old-timeadjective

attractively old-fashioned (but not necessarily authentic)

From this reading The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Here are his words of censure against the new order:

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading "If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....

playersnounUS /ˈpleɪərz/

plural of “player” — a person who participates in or is skilled at some game

From this reading His better mood was to be met with in his discussion of the players of Ellen Tree's type.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading "If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

theatrenounUS /ˈθiːətər/

a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The epitome of his old-time attitude is to be found in _Appleton's Journal_ for April 3, 1869.

traditionnounUS /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading "If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....

Tree's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His better mood was to be met with in his discussion of the players of Ellen Tree's type.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading His better mood was to be met with in his discussion of the players of Ellen Tree's type.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading "If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His better mood was to be met with in his discussion of the players of Ellen Tree's type.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading "If we old files are to be believed, the art of acting is dying out, and the very tradition of the stage disappearing....

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His better mood was to be met with in his discussion of the players of Ellen Tree's type.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading In other words, Bunce fought hard against the encroachment of the new times upon the acting of his early theatre days.

Chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76 by Oliver Bell Bunce holds 489 sentences, grouped into 98 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 489 sentences of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76, unabridged, divided into 98 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76 by Oliver Bell Bunce exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 489 sentences, grouped into 98 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76?

Work through the 98 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 98 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76

Common questions about reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76 by Oliver Bell Bunce on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76?

Yes. All 994 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15519 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15519, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76 take to read?

About 82 minutes of reading across 199 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76 section by section

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  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76

Words and structures a reader meets early in Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Oliver
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bunce
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prominently
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Connected
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative Plays by American Dramatists — Love in '76; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.