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Representative Plays by American Dramatists
Representative Plays by American Dramatists

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists is here in full — 459 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.
Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.
No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.
But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.
Some of our best comedians found attraction in the ¿½le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Representative Plays by American Dramatists

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists is here in full — 459 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/91 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.
Line 2
Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.
Line 3
No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.
/noʊ ˌdræmətəˈzeɪʃən ʌv ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ˈɜːrvɪŋz ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl ˈstɔːri hæz əˈproʊtʃt ðə ərˈɪdʒənəl ɪn ɑːrt ʌv ɪkˈspreʃən ɔːr ɪn ˈvɪvədnəs ʌv siːn/
Line 4
But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.
Line 5
Some of our best comedians found attraction in the ¿½le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

characterization noun US /ˌkerəktərɪˈzeɪʃən/

a graphic or vivid verbal description

From this reading “But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.”

comedians noun US /kəˈmiːdiənz/

plural of “comedian” — a professional performer who tells jokes and performs comical acts

From this reading “Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.”

dramatist noun US /ˈdrɑːmətɪst/

someone who writes plays

From this reading “But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.”

dramatization noun US /ˌdræmətəˈzeɪʃən/

conversion into dramatic form

From this reading “No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.”

Irving's noun US /ˈɜːrvɪŋz/

possessive form of “irving” — United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)

portrayal noun US /pɔːrˈtreɪəl/

a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading “Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.”

scenic adjective US /ˈsiːnɪk/

used of locations; having beautiful natural scenery

From this reading “Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.”

vied verb US /vaɪd/

past form of “vie” — compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

From this reading “But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1856

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

1911

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

actornounUS /ˈæktər/

a theatrical performer

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

approachedverbUS /əˈproʊtʃt/

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

attractionnounUS /əˈtrækʃən/

the force by which one object attracts another

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

BurkenounUS /bɜːrk/

British statesman famous for his oratory; pleaded the cause of the American colonists in British Parliament and defended the parliamentary system (1729-1797)

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

characterizationnounUS /ˌkerəktərɪˈzeɪʃən/

a graphic or vivid verbal description

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

classicnounUS /ˈklæsɪk/

a creation of the highest excellence

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

comediansnounUS /kəˈmiːdiənz/

plural of “comedian” — a professional performer who tells jokes and performs comical acts

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

concernedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrnd/

feeling or showing worry or solicitude

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

dialoguenounUS /ˈdaɪəlɔːɡ/

a conversation between two persons

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

dramatistnounUS /ˈdrɑːmətɪst/

someone who writes plays

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

Dramatists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

dramatizationnounUS /ˌdræmətəˈzeɪʃən/

conversion into dramatic form

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

drunkardnounUS /ˈdrʌŋkərd/

a chronic drinker

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

DutchadjectiveUS /dʌtʃ/

of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

evolutionnounUS /ˌevəˈluːʃən/

a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

fervournoun

the state of being emotionally aroused and worked up

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

genialadjectiveUS /ˈdʒiːnjəl/

diffusing warmth and friendliness

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

Herne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

idealitynoun

the quality of being ideal

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

immortaladjUS /ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl/

Living forever; never dying or decaying. (Bất tử, trường tồn vĩnh cửu.)

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

increasenounUS /ˌɪnˈkriːs/

a quantity that is added

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

IrvingnounUS /ˈɜːrvɪŋ/

United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

Irving'snounUS /ˈɜːrvɪŋz/

possessive form of “irving” — United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

JeffersonnounUS /ˈdʒefərsən/

3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

JosephnounUS /ˈdʒoʊsəf/

leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

lifelikeness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

memoriesnounUS /ˈmɛm.ə.riz/

Recollections of past events.

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

overtops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

PlaysnounUS /pleɪz/

plural of “play” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

portrayalnounUS /pɔːrˈtreɪəl/

a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

promptedverbUS /ˈprɑːmptɪd/

past form of “prompt” — give an incentive for action

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

recalledverbUS /rɪˈkɔːld/

past form of “recall” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

RepresentativenounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪv/

a person who represents others

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

RipverbUS /rɪp/

tear or be torn violently

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

romanticadjectiveUS /roʊˈmæntɪk/

belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

scenicadjectiveUS /ˈsiːnɪk/

used of locations; having beautiful natural scenery

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

vannounUS /væn/

any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and techniques in a given field (especially in the arts)

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

viedverbUS /vaɪd/

past form of “vie” — compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

vitalitynounUS /vaɪˈtæləti/

an energetic style

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

vividnessnounUS /ˈvɪvədnəs/

interest and variety and intensity

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading No dramatization of Washington Irving’s immortal story has approached the original in art of expression or in vividness of scene.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Many hands were concerned in its growth, but its increase in scenic effect as well as in dialogue was a stage one, rather than prompted by literary fervour.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

WinkleverbUS /ˈwɪŋkəl/

emit or reflect light in a flickering manner

From this reading Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: Rip van Winkle This is the history of the evolution of a play.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But, if historical record can be believed, it is the actor, rather than the dramatist, who has vied with Irving in the vitality of characterization and in the romantic ideality of figure and speech.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

½le

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of our best comedians found attraction in the r�le, yet, though Charles Burke and James A. Herne are recalled, by those who remember back so far, for the very Dutch lifelikeness of the genial old drunkard, Joseph Jefferson overtops all memories by his classic portrayal.

Chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists by Charles Burke holds 459 sentences, grouped into 92 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists contain?

Chapter 1 holds 459 sentences of Representative Plays by American Dramatists, unabridged, divided into 92 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists by Charles Burke exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 459 sentences, grouped into 92 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Representative Plays by American Dramatists?

Work through the 92 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 92 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 1363 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #27552 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Representative Plays by American Dramatists is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #27552, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Representative Plays by American Dramatists take to read?

About 113 minutes of reading across 273 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Representative Plays by American Dramatists

Words and structures a reader meets early in Representative Plays by American Dramatists, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Representative
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative Plays by American Dramatists; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plays
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative Plays by American Dramatists; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative Plays by American Dramatists; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dramatists
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Representative Plays by American Dramatists; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.