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Reviews

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Reviews is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Reviews
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.
It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.
The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.
Few races, indeed, have had a more terrible fall than these Moors.
Of the great intellectual civilisation of the Arabs no trace remains.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Reviews

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Reviews is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.
Line 2
It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.
/ɪt mʌst biː kənˈfest ðæt ðə ˈpɪktʃər hiː drɔːz ɪz ɪn ˈmeni rɪˈspekts ə ˈveri ˈtrædʒɪk wʌn/
Line 3
The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.
Line 4
Few races, indeed, have had a more terrible fall than these Moors.
/fjuː ˈreɪsəz ˌɪnˈdiːd hæv hæd ə mɔːr ˈterəbəl fɔːl ðæn ðiːz mʊrz/
Line 5
Of the great intellectual civilisation of the Arabs no trace remains.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arabs noun US /ˈærəbz/

plural of “arab” — a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading “Of the great intellectual civilisation of the Arabs no trace remains.”

commerce noun US /ˈkɑːmərs/

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading “Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.”

draws noun US /drɔːz/

plural of “draw” — a gully that is shallower than a ravine

From this reading “It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.”

fatalism noun US /ˈfeɪtəlɪzəm/

a submissive mental attitude resulting from acceptance of the doctrine that everything that happens is predetermined and inevitable

From this reading “The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.”

Moors noun US /mʊrz/

plural of “moor” — one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century

From this reading “Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.”

pillaged adjective US /ˈpɪlɪdʒd/

wrongfully emptied or stripped of anything of value

From this reading “The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.”

races noun US /ˈreɪsəz/

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading “Few races, indeed, have had a more terrible fall than these Moors.”

rulers noun US /ˈruːlərz/

plural of “ruler” — a person who rules or commands

From this reading “The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

ArabsnounUS /ˈærəbz/

plural of “arab” — a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading Of the great intellectual civilisation of the Arabs no trace remains.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.

civilisationnoun

the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization

From this reading Of the great intellectual civilisation of the Arabs no trace remains.

commercenounUS /ˈkɑːmərs/

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

confessedverbUS /kənˈfest/

past form of “confess” — confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.

drawsnounUS /drɔːz/

plural of “draw” — a gully that is shallower than a ravine

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading Few races, indeed, have had a more terrible fall than these Moors.

fatalismnounUS /ˈfeɪtəlɪzəm/

a submissive mental attitude resulting from acceptance of the doctrine that everything that happens is predetermined and inevitable

From this reading The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.

FewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Few races, indeed, have had a more terrible fall than these Moors.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Of the great intellectual civilisation of the Arabs no trace remains.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Few races, indeed, have had a more terrible fall than these Moors.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Few races, indeed, have had a more terrible fall than these Moors.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Few races, indeed, have had a more terrible fall than these Moors.

intellectualadjectiveUS /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl/

of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind

From this reading Of the great intellectual civilisation of the Arabs no trace remains.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.

momentsnounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

plural of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

MoorsnounUS /mʊrz/

plural of “moor” — one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Few races, indeed, have had a more terrible fall than these Moors.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Of the great intellectual civilisation of the Arabs no trace remains.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

paralysed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

pillagedadjectiveUS /ˈpɪlɪdʒd/

wrongfully emptied or stripped of anything of value

From this reading The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.

racesnounUS /ˈreɪsəz/

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading Few races, indeed, have had a more terrible fall than these Moors.

remainsnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading Of the great intellectual civilisation of the Arabs no trace remains.

respectsnounUS /rɪˈspekts/

(often used with “pay”) a formal expression of esteem

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

rulersnounUS /ˈruːlərz/

plural of “ruler” — a person who rules or commands

From this reading The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

Stutfield

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading Few races, indeed, have had a more terrible fall than these Moors.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Few races, indeed, have had a more terrible fall than these Moors.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Mr. Stutfield, however, has his serious moments, and his account of the commerce, government and social life of the Moors is extremely interesting.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Few races, indeed, have had a more terrible fall than these Moors.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Moors are the masters of a beautiful country and of many beautiful arts, but they are paralysed by their fatalism and pillaged by their rulers.

tracenounUS /treɪs/

a just detectable amount

From this reading Of the great intellectual civilisation of the Arabs no trace remains.

tragicadjectiveUS /ˈtrædʒɪk/

very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It must be confessed that the picture he draws is in many respects a very tragic one.

Chapter 4 of Reviews by Oscar Wilde holds 408 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Reviews contain?

Chapter 4 holds 408 sentences of Reviews, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Reviews by Oscar Wilde exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 408 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Reviews?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Reviews

Common questions about reading Reviews by Oscar Wilde on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Reviews?

Yes. All 7101 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14240 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Reviews is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14240, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Reviews take to read?

About 591 minutes of reading across 1421 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Reviews section by section

How to work through Reviews section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Reviews to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Reviews

Words and structures a reader meets early in Reviews, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Apparently
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reviews; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Endless
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reviews; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Difficulties
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reviews; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Against
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reviews; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.