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Reviews

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Reviews is here in full — 401 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Reviews
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.
One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.
When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.
I showed them the form of a pyramid, and they were satisfied.
One asked if _all_ books were true.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Reviews

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Reviews is here in full — 401 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.
Line 2
One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.
/wʌn æskt ɪf ˈiːdʒəpt ɪɡˈzɪstəd naʊ ənd ɪf ˈpiːpəl lɪvd ɪn ɪt/
Line 3
When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.
/wen aɪ toʊld ðem ðæt ˈbɪldɪŋz naʊ stʊd wɪtʃ hæd bɪn ɪˈrektəd əˈbaʊt ðə taɪm ʌv ˈdʒoʊsəf wʌn sed ðæt ɪt wɑːz ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl æz ðeɪ mʌst hæv ˈfɑːlən daʊn er ðɪs/
Line 4
I showed them the form of a pyramid, and they were satisfied.
/aɪ ʃoʊd ðem ðə fɔːrm ʌv ə ˈpɪrəmɪd ənd ðeɪ wɜːr ˈsætəsfaɪd/
Line 5
One asked if _all_ books were true.
/wʌn æskt ɪf ɔːl bʊks wɜːr truː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

actually adverb US /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading “The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.”

buildings noun US /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading “When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.”

Egypt noun US /ˈiːdʒəpt/

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading “One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.”

erected verb US /ɪˈrektəd/

past form of “erect” — construct, build, or erect

From this reading “When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.”

existed verb US /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading “One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.”

Joseph noun US /ˈdʒoʊsəf/

leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)

From this reading “The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.”

occurred verb US /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading “The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.”

pyramid verb US /ˈpɪrəmɪd/

enlarge one's holdings on an exchange on a continued rise by using paper profits as margin to buy additional amounts

From this reading “I showed them the form of a pyramid, and they were satisfied.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading One asked if _all_ books were true.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

EgyptnounUS /ˈiːdʒəpt/

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

erectedverbUS /ɪˈrektəd/

past form of “erect” — construct, build, or erect

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading I showed them the form of a pyramid, and they were satisfied.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.

JosephnounUS /ˈdʒoʊsəf/

leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading One asked if Egypt existed now, and if people lived in it.

pyramidverbUS /ˈpɪrəmɪd/

enlarge one's holdings on an exchange on a continued rise by using paper profits as margin to buy additional amounts

From this reading I showed them the form of a pyramid, and they were satisfied.

realising

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

satisfiedadjectiveUS /ˈsætəsfaɪd/

filled with satisfaction

From this reading I showed them the form of a pyramid, and they were satisfied.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading I showed them the form of a pyramid, and they were satisfied.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The history of Joseph: they all found a difficulty in realising that this had actually occurred.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading One asked if _all_ books were true.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I showed them the form of a pyramid, and they were satisfied.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading When I told them that buildings now stood which had been erected about the time of Joseph, one said that it was impossible, as they must have fallen down ere this.

Chapter 8 of Reviews by Oscar Wilde holds 401 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Reviews contain?

Chapter 8 holds 401 sentences of Reviews, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Reviews by Oscar Wilde exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 401 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Reviews?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Reviews

Common questions about reading Reviews by Oscar Wilde on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Reviews?

Yes. All 7101 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14240 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Reviews is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14240, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Reviews take to read?

About 591 minutes of reading across 1421 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Reviews section by section

How to work through Reviews section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Reviews to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Reviews

Words and structures a reader meets early in Reviews, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Apparently
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reviews; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Endless
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reviews; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Difficulties
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reviews; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Against
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Reviews; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.